Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Secretome

The document from May 16, 2019, reviews the therapeutic potential of the secretome derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which includes bioactive factors like proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and extracellular vesicles. The secretome offers similar therapeutic effects to MSC transplantation but may avoid side effects such as unwanted differentiation of MSCs. It is immediately available, can be mass-produced, and avoids invasive collection procedures. The secretome's benefits in treating degenerative and inflammatory diseases are due to its ability to deliver genetic material and growth and immunomodulatory factors to target cells, activating pathways that lead to tissue repair and regeneration. The document also discusses the secretome's role in modulating immune responses, promoting tissue repair in liver and lung diseases, cartilage regeneration, and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), cardiac and eye diseases. It highlights the safety of MSC-derived secretome in clinical studies for various conditions, including alopecia, with no adverse effects reported. However, the clinical use is limited by the functional properties of the MSCs and potential immunogenicity, with the need for further studies to investigate the immunogenicity of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in mismatched recipients. The work was supported by various foundations and the Serbian Ministry of Science, with no conflicts of interest declared.