Tracing Immune Cells Around Biomaterials With Spatial Anchors During Large-Scale Wound Regeneration

    Yang Yang, Chenyu Chu, Yi Man, Li Liu, Chenbing Wang, Yili Qu
    TLDR Biodegradable scaffolds help regenerate wounds and hair by activating the immune system.
    This study explored a method for large-area wound regeneration using biodegradable aligned extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds, which accelerated wound coverage and enhanced hair follicle neogenesis. The research utilized multimodal analysis to examine foreign body responses (FBR) around biomaterials, identifying cell heterogeneity through single-cell RNA sequencing. Spatial anchors revealed preferential recruitment of T cells around biomaterials, colocalized with hair follicle precursor cells. The study suggested that the adaptive immune system, activated by biomaterials, had a pro-regenerative effect on hair follicle neogenesis. Immunodeficient mice lacking mature T lymphocytes were unable to activate papillary fibroblasts or stimulate hair follicle regeneration, highlighting the therapeutic potential of the adaptive immune system in biomaterial applications.
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