The Genetics of CYP Gene Variants in Association with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Narrative Review

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrinal disorder characterized by symptoms such as hirsutism, acne, and alopecia due to hyperandrogenism. The condition is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, with disruptions in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis playing a significant role. In PCOS, an imbalance in luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) leads to increased androgen production by the ovaries and adrenal glands. Genetic variants, particularly in the steroidogenic P450s genes, are implicated in the abnormal steroidogenesis seen in PCOS, potentially exacerbating hyperandrogenism through CYP gene polymorphisms. Further research is needed to better understand these genetic influences.