Adrenal Causes of Endocrine Hypertension in Childhood or Adolescence

June 2025 in “ Journal of Endocrinological Investigation ”

Bianca Pellegrini, Ilaria Bonaventura, Valeria Hasenmajer, Chiara Simeoli, Claudia Pivonello, Davide Ferrari, Sabrina Criscuolo, Alessandra Tomaselli, Andrea M. Isidori, Ashley Grossman, Andrea Lenzi, Maria Cristina De Martino, Martin O. Savage

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Familial Hyperaldosteronism mineralocorticoid Cushing's syndrome phaeochromocytomas aldosterone glucocorticoid

TLDR Adrenal disorders often cause high blood pressure in young people.

Childhood and adolescent hypertension, with a prevalence of about 5%, often requires investigation for secondary causes, frequently linked to adrenal disorders. These include genetic defects like Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Familial Hyperaldosteronism, which affect mineralocorticoid activity, and conditions like Cushing's syndrome and phaeochromocytomas. Genetic mutations affecting aldosterone production and glucocorticoid pathways are also implicated. Despite the complexity, a systematic diagnostic approach is lacking, highlighting the need for gene sequencing referrals. This review emphasizes the importance of understanding the genetic and clinical aspects of endocrine hypertension in young populations.

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