Engineering Strategies to Enhance the Research Progress of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Wound Healing

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold promise for wound healing due to their capabilities in self-renewal, tissue repair, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation. However, their effectiveness is often limited by the challenging post-transplantation environment. Recent engineering strategies, such as gene modification, preconditioning, biomaterial scaffolds, and hydrogels, have improved MSCs' survival, proliferation, and migration, enhancing their therapeutic potential. Combining these approaches optimizes wound healing by accelerating tissue repair and minimizing scar formation. This review highlights the mechanisms of MSC-mediated wound healing, clinical applications, and the impact of engineering strategies, aiming to advance the clinical use of engineered MSCs for more effective treatments.