Exosomes Derived From Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Healing of Complex Perianal Fistulas in Rats

    December 2024 in “ Stem Cell Research & Therapy ”
    Yafei Lu, Shaohua Huangfu, Chuanxue Ma, Yan Ding, Yajie Zhang, Chungen Zhou, Lianming Liao, Min Li, Jia You, Yuting Chen, Dawei Wang, Ao Chen, Bin Jiang
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    Microscopic delivery system that sends growth-promoting signals to hair follicles

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    Studysummary In this study, hUCMSCs-Exo significantly accelerated wound healing in rat perianal fistulas with notable safety, potentially through the activation of the HIF-1α/TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
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    The study examined the effects of exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs-Exo) on healing complex perianal fistulas in 40 male Sprague–Dawley rats. The results showed that hUC-MSCs-Exo significantly promoted healing by reducing fistula diameter, enhancing epithelialization, and shortening the fistula tract, likely through the HIF-1α/TGF-β1/Smad pathway. This treatment improved histopathological outcomes, reduced inflammation, increased collagen content, enhanced angiogenesis, and modulated inflammatory cytokine levels and gut microbiota diversity. The optimal therapeutic effect was observed at a dosage of 10 µg/100 µL. The findings suggest that hUC-MSCs-Exo could be a promising, non-invasive treatment for complex perianal fistulas, with significant improvements in tissue repair and immune response modulation.
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