Emerging Topics in Cardiometabolic and Psychological Sequelae, Pathogenesis, and Treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Review

The 2019 review addressed the multifaceted nature of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), affecting 6-10% of women of reproductive age, and its impact on various health aspects including reproductive, metabolic, dermatologic, and psychiatric health. It emphasized the unknown pathogenesis of PCOS and the focus on symptom management for treatment. The review covered the diagnostic criteria for PCOS, such as the Rotterdam criteria, and management strategies that include regulating menstrual cycles and addressing mental health issues. It also discussed the cardiometabolic risks like insulin resistance and mood disorders associated with PCOS. Advances in understanding the role of the gut microbiome, genetic and epigenetic factors in PCOS were mentioned, along with novel treatments being explored, including diabetes medications and nutritional supplements. The review concluded that despite progress, further research is essential for improving the long-term health outcomes for individuals with PCOS.