Recent Advances in the Controlled Release of Growth Factors and Cytokines for Improving Cutaneous Wound Healing

The document reviewed advances in the controlled release of growth factors (GFs) and cytokines to enhance cutaneous wound healing, focusing on the role of biomaterials like hydrogels, nanoparticles, and nanofibers. Hydrogels were used to stabilize and sustain the release of GFs such as basic FGF (bFGF) and acidic FGF (aFGF), promoting fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition, and vascularization. The use of nanoparticles and nanofibers improved the stability and bioactivity of GFs, enhancing wound closure and reducing inflammation. Combining multiple GFs or GFs with other active molecules showed superior results in tissue regeneration. Challenges included ensuring the mechanical strength, porosity, and biodegradability of biomaterials. These advancements highlighted the potential of biomaterials in improving wound healing treatments by mimicking the natural healing process and providing controlled, prolonged release of therapeutic agents.