61 citations
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May 2014 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” This research describes a process for producing caffeine nanocrystals, which may enhance skin penetration by accumulating in hair follicles and maintaining stability for two months, paving the way for in vivo testing.
10 citations
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July 2021 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” This study reported that larger caffeine nanocrystals, at 694 nm, increased caffeine bioavailability via transfollicular penetration compared to smaller nanocrystals, especially in long-term serum concentration measurements.
January 2018 in “Refubium (Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin)” This study demonstrated that combining amorphization and nanonization of drugs enhances both saturation solubility and dissolution rate, potentially offering therapeutic benefits for formulations like dermal applications.
2 citations
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January 2014 This study reported that ultrafine gelatin nanoparticles produced by a modified desolvation technique offer advantages for dermal drug delivery, including smaller particle size, higher drug loading, and faster release compared to traditional gelatin nanoparticles.
7 citations
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July 2018 in “International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics” This study found that optimizing chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles can enhance the sustained percutaneous delivery of caffeine, with certain conditions affecting stability and release rates.