42 citations,
July 2014 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Caffeine nanocrystals for skin products stay stable with the right stabilizer, but grow in size at higher temperatures.
2 citations,
January 2014 Improved methods create smaller, more effective gelatin nanoparticles for skin delivery, and new caffeine nanocrystals enhance absorption and effectiveness.
61 citations,
May 2014 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” Nanocrystals improve skin penetration and stability of caffeine, suggesting a new method for delivering similar substances through the skin.
10 citations,
July 2021 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Nanoparticles sized between 470 and 750 nm are best for delivering substances like caffeine into hair follicles for absorption.
15 citations,
October 2020 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Caffeine penetrates skin quickly through open hair follicles, but less through closed ones, with levels becoming equal after 22 hours.