42 citations
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July 2014 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Caffeine nanocrystals for skin products stay stable with the right stabilizer, but grow in size at higher temperatures.
2 citations
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January 2014 Improved methods create smaller, more effective gelatin nanoparticles for skin delivery, and new caffeine nanocrystals enhance absorption and effectiveness.
61 citations
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May 2014 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” Nanocrystals improve skin penetration and stability of caffeine, suggesting a new method for delivering similar substances through the skin.
10 citations
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July 2021 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Nanoparticles sized between 470 and 750 nm are best for delivering substances like caffeine into hair follicles for absorption.
15 citations
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October 2020 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Caffeine penetrates skin quickly through open hair follicles, but less through closed ones, with levels becoming equal after 22 hours.