10 citations
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August 2015 in “Journal of biophotonics” This study found that applying benzyl nicotinate on open hair follicles led to a significant increase in blood flow, highlighting the role of the follicular pathway in epidermal penetration.
1 citations
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December 2022 in “Pharmaceutics” This study found that finasteride-loaded microemulsions using poloxamer 124 significantly enhanced skin penetration of the drug compared to a standard solution, primarily through targeting hair follicles via the transfollicular pathway, with intercluster, intercellular, and transcellular pathways contributing less.
This study found that various reduced folates effectively penetrated an in vitro skin model, promoted cell proliferation and migration, and may enhance wound healing, suggesting potential for topical treatment in skin conditions.
61 citations
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May 2014 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” This research describes a process for producing caffeine nanocrystals, which may enhance skin penetration by accumulating in hair follicles and maintaining stability for two months, paving the way for in vivo testing.
60 citations
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October 2020 in “Journal of Controlled Release” This study found that curcumin nanocrystals efficiently penetrated hair follicles down to the lower infundibulum in an ex-vivo pig ear model, regardless of the gel vehicle used, though passive dermal penetration varied with the vehicle’s skin hydrating properties.