This study found that all examined biomarkers and clinical features were elevated in systemic lupus erythematosus patients, particularly ANA and Anti-dsDNA autoantibodies, but no single biomarker was sensitive or specific enough for diagnosis.
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June 2017 in “Rheumatology” This guideline outlines the management of systemic lupus erythematosus in adults but reports no new clinical findings.
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September 2006 in “Clinics in Dermatology” This article outlines manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus, noting rapid joint symptom improvement with corticosteroids and antimalarial drug responsiveness for skin symptoms, and links anti-Ro with photosensitive rash and subacute lupus.
July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Leflunomide may reduce the risk of alopecia areata, while methotrexate, cyclosporine, and rituximab may increase it.
May 2023 in “Elsevier eBooks” This study reports that while systemic immunotherapies are often used for immune-mediated hair loss, they may also be considered for treating androgenetic alopecia when it coexists with immune-related conditions like alopecia areata.