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Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.

Lack or blocking of SRD5a, a key component in hormone creation, can lead to conditions like pseudohermaphrodism and affect hair growth, bone mass, muscle strength, and reproductive health. More research is needed on its regulation from fertilization to adulthood.

The document concludes that proper diagnosis and combined treatments are key for hirsutism management, and weight loss may help overweight patients.

The safety and effectiveness of gender-affirming treatments for children are uncertain, with potential long-term risks like infertility.

Nanotechnology is improving drug delivery and targeting, with promising applications in cancer treatment, gene therapy, and cosmetics, but challenges remain in ensuring precise delivery and safety.

Hormone therapy may increase migraines in transgender women and decrease them in transgender men; more research is needed on migraine management in transgender individuals.

Researchers found potential urine markers for polycystic ovary syndrome, including testosterone-glucuronide and 11α-hydroxyprogesterone, which may help diagnose the condition.

Microbial biosurfactants could be a safer and environmentally friendly alternative to chemical surfactants in cosmetics.

The guideline provides healthcare professionals in South Africa with instructions for comprehensive, multidisciplinary gender-affirming care, including HIV prevention and treatment for transgender and gender diverse individuals.

Mutations in the androgen receptor gene cause different levels of androgen insensitivity, making it hard to create simple tests for the condition.

Niosomes are a promising, stable, and cost-effective drug delivery system with potential for improved targeting and safety.

Women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia have lower fertility, but with proper treatment, they can conceive successfully.

Mice lacking steroid 5α-reductase 2 show less aggression and better impulse control.

Certain inhibitors can potentially treat prostate cancer and other hormone-dependent conditions by controlling sex hormone levels in cells.

Ezh2 controls skin development by balancing signals for dermal and epidermal growth.

Some plants used in traditional medicine may help treat cancer because they contain proteins that can inactivate ribosomes.

About 6.5% of young Caucasian women in Spain have polycystic ovary syndrome.

Constant light exposure during pregnancy changes newborn rabbits' skin, affecting hair follicles, skin thickness, and pigment cells.

DHEA stimulates skin oil glands and could help postmenopausal women, with potential for acne and excessive hair growth treatments.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is found in 6.5% of unselected Caucasian women in Spain.

The leaves of Platycladus orientalis have potential health benefits but require more research for safety and understanding how they work.

Excipients greatly affect how well curcumin nanocrystals penetrate the skin and target hair follicles.

Products should be called 'sperm-safe' only after thorough, well-designed tests.

Traditional knowledge of edible oil-producing plants in Sinja Valley is declining due to outmigration and sociocultural changes.

Diagnosing simple-virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be difficult and requires thorough testing and expert advice.

Nanoemulsion-based drug delivery systems are versatile and have potential for treating various medical conditions and improving vaccines.

Long COVID causes a wide range of long-lasting symptoms that change over time and are hard to diagnose and treat.

Hormone therapy for breast cancer often leads to sexual issues like vaginal dryness and decreased libido.

Oral contraceptives can cause skin issues like dark patches, acne, yeast infections, sensitivity to light, spider veins, skin rashes, and hair loss.

Anti-Müllerian hormone is a specific marker for ovarian issues in women with conditions like PCOS.