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Hair casts, also called pseudonits, are often mistaken for other conditions.

Most women with depression in the study had low vitamin D levels.

Neurotrophin-4 increases calcium current in specific mouse neurons through the PI3K pathway.

The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.

PCOS can cause unusual symptoms like late puberty and enlarged clitoris, making diagnosis difficult.

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a skin disease caused by the breakdown of the skin's natural immune barriers, especially around hair follicles.

Scalp reduction can improve hair distribution in certain baldness cases but requires careful patient selection and understanding of facial structure.

Early balding, especially frontal, increases prostate cancer risk; more research needed.

DKK-1 gene linked to hair loss in AGA and AA patients; more research needed for potential therapy.

Densitometry and video-microscopy are precise for evaluating hair loss and transplant success but need special equipment and training.

Hair and wool have complex microscopic structures with microfibrils and varying cystine content.

The document concludes that cosmetic surgery is still mainly a practice for women and the gender gap in this field is expected to continue.

The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.

Scientists now better understand the genetics of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, leading to more accurate diagnoses and potential new treatments.

Damaging mitochondrial DNA in mice speeds up aging due to increased reactive oxygen species, not through the p53/p21 pathway.

The book is a detailed guide on hair and scalp diseases, useful for dermatopathologists.

Some patients developed hair loss after islet cell transplant possibly due to their immune-suppressing medications.

Hormones are crucial for regulating body functions and imbalances can lead to health issues.

People often struggle to consistently use contraceptives and other medications, and long-acting options might be better for those who want to avoid daily doses.

The study found that immune responses disrupt hair growth cycles, causing hair loss in alopecia areata.

The European Society of Endocrinology advises individualized long-term management for PCOS, focusing on lifestyle changes, accurate diagnosis, and treatments for associated health risks and symptoms.

Medications for enlarged prostate can cause sexual side effects like reduced libido, erectile dysfunction, and ejaculatory problems.

Hair diameter and curvature are mostly determined by genetics.

People with alopecia areata often have lower vitamin D levels and more inflammation, suggesting vitamin D might be involved in the condition.

Seborrheic dermatitis lowers quality of life more for women, younger people, and those with more education.

Pig ear skin is better than human skin for testing how well barrier creams block allergens from entering hair follicles.

Chlormadinone acetate is a strong, well-tolerated hormone used in birth control and hormone therapy with benefits for menstrual pain and skin conditions.

The document concludes that understanding health requires considering evolutionary perspectives on reproductive fitness, and recognizing the complexity of factors like diet, testosterone, and sexual orientation.

Dutasteride may help shrink prostate cancer tumors.

Early-onset baldness is linked to a higher risk of aggressive prostate cancer in African-American men, especially before age 60.