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This case study identified a probable pure testosterone-secreting ovarian tumor in a woman with increased facial hair and elevated testosterone levels, confirmed by histological examination as Leydig cells hyperplasia, which normalized testosterone and symptoms post-surgery.

This review discusses female hyperandrogenism, detailing diagnostic criteria and treatment options without reporting new study results; it emphasizes improving health and quality of life for affected women.

This chapter reviews the biosynthesis, mechanism of action, and therapeutic effects of testosterone and related androgens, but reports no new research findings.

In this retrospective chart review, researchers observed that estrogen monotherapy effectively suppressed testosterone levels below 50ng/dL in all transfeminine patients studied, particularly those using injectable formulations, though the small sample size and ongoing data collection limit these findings.

Testosterone in older women can increase bone density, muscle mass, fat mass, improve memory, and boost libido, but may cause nipple color changes.

The researchers suggest that testosterone levels might influence COVID-19 susceptibility and severity, with low levels potentially protecting against infection but possibly worsening severe disease due to cytokine storm activation.

This research suggests that fluoxymesterone, an anabolic steroid, may inhibit a key enzyme, potentially contributing to cardiovascular issues by affecting cortisol's activation of mineralocorticoid receptors.

In this study, patients with testicular feminization syndrome showed limited anabolic responsiveness to dihydrotestosterone, potentially due to reduced affinity of nuclear receptor sites for androgenic steroids rather than defective testosterone conversion.

This review discusses the potential of DHEAS and testosterone treatments to increase muscle mass in older men with sarcopenia, while effects on muscle function and physical performance remain unclear, and calls for further research on optimized approaches.

This review discusses androgen therapy in adolescents, detailing current practices and noting the limited use of commercially available testosterone or dihydrotestosterone formulations; no new results are reported.

This review discusses the complex relationship between testosterone levels and male appearance and behavior, emphasizing the limitations and potential biases in making generalizations from current data.

This review discusses the production, role, and measurement of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in various disorders of sexual development but does not report new clinical results.

This case report highlights the adverse effects of unmonitored bioidentical hormone replacement therapy, emphasizing the need for patient education about its safety and efficacy compared to FDA-regulated hormones.

This review discusses the evaluation of hyperandrogenemia in women and hypogonadism in men across different life stages and presents biomarkers used for diagnosing male hypogonadism, reporting no new clinical results.

This review presents substantial evidence supporting testosterone use for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in postmenopausal women, but notes safety concerns with off-label prescribing due to lack of approved formulations.

This study concluded that steroid deficiencies were significantly more severe in men with panhypopituitarism than in those with isolated gonadotropin deficiency.

This case report describes a 69-year-old woman with hirsutism and elevated serum testosterone, where surgery resolved symptoms and serum testosterone, suggesting ovarian steroid cell tumor consideration in similar profiles.

This report describes a rare case of elevated serum DHEAS levels in a postmenopausal woman, linked to an ovarian sex cord-stromal tumor rather than the adrenal glands, challenging common assumptions about androgen sources.

This article reports two cases where ovarian hyperthecosis caused hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women, confirmed by imaging and resolved after bilateral oophorectomy.

This study found that epitestosterone acts as a weak antiandrogen by inhibiting receptor binding and 5α-reductase activity in animal models.

Testosterone boosts physical performance, grip strength, and lean body mass in older men with low testosterone.

This case report highlights a rare occurrence of poorly differentiated endometrial carcinoma in a transgender man undergoing long-term testosterone therapy, underscoring the necessity of continued gynecologic care and further research into the effects of testosterone on endometrial health in this population.

This review discusses the safety of testosterone therapy for postmenopausal women and concludes that, aside from hirsutism and acne, it appears safe at physiological doses for several years, though more long-term studies are needed.

This case report details a postmenopausal woman with increased libido, hirsutism, and spontaneous orgasms, noting elevated testosterone levels and enlarged ovaries.

This report presents a rare case of suspected 3β HSD deficiency in an adult female with symptoms like male pattern hair loss and low testosterone, suggesting a non-classical presentation.

This article reviews the unapproved use of testosterone for treating female androgen insufficiency and reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses the negative health impacts of testosterone deficiency and the potential adverse effects of 5α-reductase inhibitors, emphasizing the need for patient-physician discussions regarding these treatments.

This study indicated that while testosterone replacement in older men with low testosterone increases muscle mass and strength and reduces fat, its effects on physical function, disability, falls, or fractures remain unclear.