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Hormonal implants have many side effects that often outweigh their benefits.

Testosterone can build muscle and bone without enlarging the prostate when a specific enzyme is blocked.

Anti-androgen drugs can treat conditions like prostate cancer and male pattern baldness by blocking effects of testosterone and DHT.

Testosterone and finasteride raise insulin and zinc, lower chromium in male rats.

Testosterone therapy improves physical function, strength, and body composition in older men with low testosterone levels.

Girls with PCOS have higher levels of certain androgens, which are linked to excess hair growth, but these androgens don't help diagnose PCOS.

Long-term use of dutasteride for enlarged prostate may worsen blood sugar, cholesterol, and erectile dysfunction.

Liquorice may reduce testosterone and affect male reproductive organs, potentially helping treat conditions like prostate cancer.

Most insurance companies do not cover extra gender-affirming surgeries, with coverage being low and inconsistent.

Hormonal changes and psychological issues can cause sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Behavioral therapy is recommended first, with hormone replacement helping some symptoms but not libido. Testosterone can improve libido, but its effects on overall sexual function are unclear. Emotional and relationship issues should be addressed before using medication, and the benefits and risks of testosterone supplementation should be considered.

Testosterone therapy increases bone density in older men with low testosterone levels.

The healthcare for transgender veterans could be better with a more unified team approach.

Testosterone reduces heart damage and inflammation after injury.

Indian women with PCOS from Delhi and Srinagar show different symptoms, with Delhi women having higher obesity and blood sugar issues, and Srinagar women showing more hair growth and testosterone levels.

Phthirusa pyrifolia extract may lower testosterone and harm male rat reproduction without damaging the liver or kidneys.

Transgender and gender diverse youth often have skin issues like acne and scarring, but few get referred to dermatologists.

Pioglitazone improved insulin sensitivity and altered cortisol metabolism in PCOS patients.

Baldness in men with prostate cancer is linked to higher levels of certain sex hormones, but chest hair density is not.

Cimicifuga racemosa extract may help prevent and treat prostate issues by inhibiting 5α-reductase.

An unusual growth of Leydig cells in a woman's ovaries caused her excessive hair growth, which was treated successfully with surgery.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

Higher androstenedione levels in women with PCOS are linked to more severe symptoms.

Androgen therapy might help some women with low libido, but it has risks and should be used carefully.

Lifestyle changes can improve body composition, excess male hormone levels, and insulin resistance in women with PCOS.

Metformin helps improve menstrual irregularities and some hormone levels in PCOS patients, but not symptoms like excess hair, acne, or hair loss.

Most women with excess hair growth had Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and severity wasn't linked to hormone levels.

The document concludes that careful evaluation is needed to diagnose PCOS correctly due to similar symptoms in other conditions, and accurate testosterone level measurement is crucial.

The document concludes that using LC-MS/MS for measuring androgens is more accurate than older methods, but it needs careful validation and standardized references to be most effective.

PCOS is a complex condition with major health impacts, needing more research for better diagnosis and treatment.

The patient's high testosterone was reduced by a medication that suppresses gonadotropin.