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Betacoronaviruses, like COVID-19, may cause hormone system dysfunction and affect disease susceptibility and severity.

Testosterone may have a dual role in COVID-19, potentially worsening outcomes in men, and testosterone therapy could help some patients, but more research is needed.

Wait 3 months after COVID-19 before trying assisted reproduction and further research is needed on COVID-19's effects on male hormones and fertility.

SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, can affect all endocrine organs and systems, altering their function and potentially leading to disorders. Factors like diabetes and obesity increase infection risk and severity. Understanding these effects is key for effective treatment.

Thyroid hormones and androgens affect gene expression in frog reproductive organs differently between males and females.

Stem cells compete for space using cell adhesion, and mutations can affect their competitive success, with implications for tissue health and disease.

Fetal-maternal stem cells in a mother's hair can help with tissue repair and regeneration long after childbirth.

Some men with early hair loss may have a male version of PCOS, affecting hormones and increasing health risks.

Bald men may have a lower risk of testicular cancer.

Dihydrotestosterone gel before hypospadias surgery led to less scarring but raised concerns about potential psychological effects and skin changes.

New treatments for hair loss, fertility, and wound healing are being explored.

The man's fatigue and erectile dysfunction were improved by treating his obesity-related low testosterone without needing testosterone replacement.

A 19-year-old male with delayed puberty was successfully treated for a condition that prevents normal hormone production.

5α-reductase-2 deficiency causes ambiguous genitalia at birth and affects male sexual development, but individuals often develop male characteristics at puberty.

Disulfide bonds make keratin in hair stronger and tougher.

Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin D2 Synthase (L-PGDS) is a protein that plays many roles in the body, including sleep regulation, pain management, food intake, and protection against harmful substances. It also affects fat metabolism, glucose intolerance, cell maturation, and is involved in various diseases like diabetes, cancer, and arthritis. It can influence sex organ development and embryonic cell differentiation, and its levels can be used as a diagnostic marker for certain conditions.

Activin A and follistatin control when hair cells develop in mouse ears.

GDNF helps grow hair and heal skin wounds by acting on hair stem cells.

Sons of mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a higher risk of obesity and insulin resistance, possibly due to certain genes and factors passed down from their mothers.

Women with PCOS may have a higher risk of severe COVID-19 due to hormonal imbalances and vitamin D deficiency.

Activin A and follistatin control when ear hair cells form in mice.

Activin A promotes ear hair cell development, while follistatin delays it.