October 2021 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” This study found that a mild intramuscular dose of BOTOX increased spermatogenesis and improved sperm quality in ageing mice, suggesting potential benefits for managing male infertility.
April 2021 in “Animal Bioscience” This study found that 5-aminolevulinic acid significantly improved chicken sperm motility and increased mitochondrial membrane depolarization, while decreasing ATP levels.
2 citations
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March 2022 in “Laboratory Animal Research” This study suggests that a mild intramuscular dose of botulinum toxin improved spermatogenesis and sperm parameters in ageing mice.
35 citations
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October 2004 in “Biology of Reproduction” This study found that dual 5α-reductase inhibition in rats led to decreased sperm motility and altered morphology, resulting in subfertility.
June 2022 in “Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences” This study found that steroid hormones influence the quality indicators of fresh and cryopreserved stallion sperm, with testosterone negatively correlated with motility and estradiol positively correlated with survival rate.
67 citations
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April 1988 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” This study describes a family with X-linked gynecomastia and undervirilization in men, finding a subtle androgen receptor abnormality that may not always lead to infertility despite androgen resistance.
34 citations
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January 2004 in “Revista do Hospital das Clínicas” The authors reported that young men with infertility-related conditions experienced improved seminal quality after stopping finasteride, suggesting potential adverse effects on fertility during treatment.
33 citations
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April 2015 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity” This review discusses the potential persistent adverse effects associated with 5α reductase inhibitor treatment for androgenetic alopecia but provides no new clinical results; it emphasizes the importance of discussing these risks with patients.
23 citations
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January 2007 in “Archives of Andrology” This study reported that semen quality improved in three young men after discontinuing long-term finasteride use, although meiotic abnormalities persisted.
18 citations
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October 2018 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This review indicates that many former FDA category D and X systemic dermatologic medications may negatively impact male fertility, with further research needed to assess potential teratogenic effects.
15 citations
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January 2017 in “Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology” This review discusses the effects of 5ARI drugs on male reproductive parameters, reporting potential decreases in sperm count and motility more significantly in men with pre-existing oligozoospermia, but does not provide fertility outcomes.
8 citations
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December 2016 in “Revista Medica De Chile” This article reviews the safety of finasteride by examining existing literature and does not report new findings, highlighting the ongoing controversies regarding its adverse effects.
4 citations
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October 2020 in “Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods” This study found that in male rats, hesperidin co-administration ameliorated finasteride-induced testicular toxicity by reducing oxidative stress and improving antioxidant status, sperm parameters, and enzyme activity compared to finasteride treatment alone.
1 citations
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January 2011 in “Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences” Finasteride may decrease semen quality but not harm sperm production, and stopping the drug can improve semen quality; hyperprolactinemia can cause infertility but is treatable with medication.
June 2026 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study reviewed human evidence on the effects of 5α-reductase inhibitors, finasteride and dutasteride, on semen parameters and gonadotrophins, finding finasteride causes mild, reversible changes, while dutasteride may lead to more pronounced and potentially less reversible impacts, suggesting caution for those planning to conceive.
May 2025 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” This study observed that men with a family history of PCOS had lower median sperm concentration and higher rates of alopecia and gynecomastia compared to those without such a family history.
This study found that while finasteride effectively improves hair growth in male androgenetic alopecia, it may affect fertility at higher doses, and the evidence on its long-term sexual side effects is inconsistent and requires more rigorous research.
January 2025 in “Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy” This review discusses the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and side effects of dutasteride for androgenetic alopecia, reporting that it may be more effective than finasteride, though potential impacts on male fertility need consideration when prescribing.
November 2024 in “Asian Journal of Biological Sciences” In this animal study, researchers reported that acetaminophen increased LH and FSH hormones in male rats, with high doses affecting sperm production negatively, while avocado leaf extract reduced sperm motility and viability, suggesting potential adverse effects on male reproductive health.
In this study, a very low-calorie ketogenic diet significantly improved metabolic and hormonal profiles in obese men, but did not significantly enhance most semen parameters except for sperm motility.
This study found that chronic administration of finasteride in rats led to significant alterations in the epididymis and compromised sperm quality, effects that persisted even after 30 days of treatment cessation.
April 2011 in “The FASEB Journal” This research found that prolonged doses of Amlodipine at 5mg/kg BW or higher impaired fertility indicators in adult male rats, affecting sperm morphology, count, and motility.
June 2021 in “Archives of Advances in Biosciences” This study suggests that finasteride at doses of 5 mg/kg BW or higher may adversely affect spermatogenesis and male fertility in NMRI mice.
June 2020 in “Mağallaẗ al-anbār li-l-ʻulūm al-bayṭariyyaẗ” This study found that finasteride reduced sperm count, motility, and levels of reproductive hormones, indicating negative effects on fertility in albino male rats.
August 2015 in “Dermatologica Sinica” This study found that young adult men with moderate to severe AGA have poorer semen quality compared to those with normal to mild AGA.
68 citations
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February 2019 in “Urology” Hormonal treatment in transgender women reduces semen quality, but stopping treatment may improve it.
January 2018 in “日本薬理学会年会要旨集 =” This study reports that in young male patients with finasteride-associated infertility, semen parameters appear reversible after discontinuing the medication.
June 2018 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” This study found no significant difference in semen parameters or reproductive hormone levels between men taking low-dose finasteride for androgenic alopecia and those not on the medication.
December 2023 in “Urogenital tract infection” Seminal bacteria can lower sperm quality in subfertile men.
March 2013 in “Reactions Weekly” A man's fertility improved after he stopped taking finasteride but worsened again when he restarted the medication.