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A thorough diagnostic process and teamwork are crucial for managing complex hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women.

Swedish men with the E213 A-allele of the androgen receptor have a lower risk of prostate cancer.

No strong link between testosterone or DHEAS levels and acne or hair loss in females.

The European Society of Endocrinology advises individualized long-term management for PCOS, focusing on lifestyle changes, accurate diagnosis, and treatments for associated health risks and symptoms.

Women with epilepsy should be monitored for reproductive issues, which can be caused by epilepsy or its treatments, especially when using valproate.

Acne significantly affects mental health and quality of life, with research suggesting hormonal and genetic factors in its development and emphasizing early treatment to prevent scarring.

Diagnosing PCOS in teenagers is hard because its symptoms often look like normal puberty, and there's a need for better diagnosis methods and agreement on criteria.

For women with moderate to severe unwanted hair growth or acne, birth control pills are the first choice, with other medications like cyproterone, spironolactone, flutamide, or finasteride as alternatives, and permanent hair removal should be done with electrolysis or laser.

Genetic mutations can affect female sexual development, requiring personalized medical care.

Women with AGA have more androstenedione and dihydrotestosterone, less copper and zinc; copper imbalance affects AGA; treatment improves hormones and minerals.

The medications 5α-reductase inhibitors and spironolactone are generally safe for breast cancer patients on endocrine therapies and do not significantly increase breast cancer risk.

Low testosterone does not prevent prostate cancer in men with type 1 diabetes.

Androgens significantly affect female hair loss, and hormonal treatments may help.

The document concludes that using LC-MS/MS for measuring androgens is more accurate than older methods, but it needs careful validation and standardized references to be most effective.

Finasteride reduces dihydrotestosterone, increases testosterone, and may treat hirsutism in women.

Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone have similar effects on body composition and metabolic health in men.

Birth control pills can cause skin issues but may help with acne and hirsutism, and choosing the right type can minimize side effects.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate, shrinks it, improves urination, but may cause sexual dysfunction and isn't for women or children.

New treatments for male hypogonadism are effective and should be personalized.

Finasteride, CPA, and flutamide are all equally effective in reducing excessive hair growth in women.

Hidradenitis suppurativa improves with antiandrogen therapy.

Ketoconazole reduced hair growth and improved acne in women, but caused side effects needing careful monitoring.

Both genetic and lifestyle factors significantly affect female hair loss.

The conclusion is that removing both ovaries is the best treatment for excess male hormones in postmenopausal women, with medication as another option, and managing insulin resistance is important for diagnosis and treatment.

Spironolactone can reduce hair growth and testosterone in hirsutism, but is less effective than combined treatments.

Hirsutism causes significant psychological distress in women.

Finasteride affects frog testes by increasing testosterone, decreasing 5α-DHT, and impacting genes related to reproduction and other functions.

The treatment reduced hair growth and testosterone in women with excess hair and had some effects on stress responses.

Finasteride treats baldness but may cause lasting sexual side effects.

Acupressure improves quality of life in PCOS patients.