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Advancements in male reproductive medicine are ongoing, but more research and improved treatments are needed in several areas.

The document concludes that treating female hair loss should target reducing excess androgen and blocking its effects on hair follicles, with the best treatments being hormonal therapy, adrenal suppression, and topical minoxidil.

A young woman's symptoms suggested PCOS, but tests and surgery confirmed and treated a rare ovarian tumor, resolving her condition.

Two women with very high androgen levels had only slight skin issues, one due to a non-classical adrenal disorder and the other due to an adrenal tumor.

Updated treatments for female hair loss include minoxidil, antiandrogens, hair transplants, and light therapy.

Doctors should diagnose hair loss by examining the patient and possibly doing tests, and then treat it based on the type, which may prevent permanent hair loss.

PSA could be a marker for hyperandrogenism in women, but more research is needed.

Metformin and rosiglitazone improve blood vessel function in women with PCOS, with metformin also reducing insulin resistance and testosterone levels.

Metformin and rosiglitazone both improved insulin use and hormonal symptoms in women with PCOS.

Hirsutism is excessive male-pattern hair growth in women, often caused by hormonal imbalances, and requires ongoing treatment to manage.

Vitamin D and estrogen may help protect heart and kidney health, and maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels could be especially beneficial for African Americans, postmenopausal women, and people with chronic kidney disease.

Finasteride can cause rare breast growth side effect, with varying recovery after stopping.

Most women with hirsutism have it because of PCOS, and they need long-term treatment including medication and hair removal to improve their condition.

Hair loss led to the diagnosis of Cushing's disease in a patient, showing that hair loss can be a sign of hormonal disorders.

A PET-CT scan successfully located a hard-to-find Leydig cell tumor in a woman with hormonal symptoms.

Spironolactone may help treat excessive hair growth in girls, but more research is needed.

An unusual growth of Leydig cells in a woman's ovaries caused her excessive hair growth, which was treated successfully with surgery.

The document does not determine if adults with aphallia are fertile.

Finasteride can have lasting negative effects on brain function and behavior by disrupting neurosteroid production.

Metformin improves early signs of heart disease in women with PCOS and raises apelin levels, but doesn't significantly change artery thickness.

Maidenhair fern extract reduced anxiety and depression in rats and may work due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Sex hormones, especially androgens, play a key role in causing acne.

Menopause can cause hair thinning and texture changes due to hormonal and metabolic shifts.

Low vitamin D levels may affect ovulation and progesterone in infertile women.

A woman with childhood growth hormone deficiency had multiple hormone deficiencies and developed serious lung and kidney problems later in life.

Acne is an important sign of androgen excess disorders in women.

A 13-year-old with 46 XY DSD had ambiguous genitalia due to incomplete masculinization.

Some cancer and immune system drugs can cause serious side effects, including heart, lung, nerve, and organ damage, which need careful monitoring and management.

Hirsutism is more linked to high androgen levels than acne or hair loss, and a mix of hormonal tests is best for diagnosis; certain treatments can reduce symptoms.

The document concludes that early recognition and treatment of PCOS in adolescents is crucial for managing symptoms and long-term health risks.