46 citations,
May 2012 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Human skin produces sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone, influenced by ARO and StAR, which may affect skin elasticity and hair growth.
April 2024 in “Skin health and disease” Using a special skin cream with gabapentin helped reduce symptoms of a certain scalp condition but didn't change nerve fibers or skin chemicals.
28 citations,
March 2010 in “Histochemistry and Cell Biology” Different markers are found in stem cells of the scalp's hair follicle bulge and the surrounding skin.
3 citations,
May 2018 in “The American Journal of Medicine” A woman's long-term scalp issues were diagnosed as a rare skin disorder called cutaneous Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
1 citations,
March 2017 in “Archives of Plastic Surgery” A new method using gentian violet dye makes it easier to see and work with white hair in hair transplant surgeries.
September 2024 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Minoxidil helps hair regrowth and has anti-aging effects on hair follicles.
6 citations,
June 2013 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Intense pulsed light treatment mainly damages pigmented hair parts but spares stem cells, allowing hair to regrow.
September 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Botanical extracts from peas and chia seeds improved scalp health and protected hair from pollution.
April 2018 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Electrical epilation damages hair follicles and surrounding skin, likely preventing hair regrowth.
62 citations,
November 2009 in “Aging Cell” Hedgehog signaling helps keep hair follicle stem cells the same in both young and old human skin.
54 citations,
October 2002 in “Journal of controlled release” Medium lipophilic substances penetrate skin best, and adding ethanol can increase delivery to hair follicles.
47 citations,
September 2016 in “Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders” The skin's ability to produce hormones is linked to various skin conditions, and better understanding this process could lead to new treatments.
3 citations,
October 1995 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Finasteride helps treat skin issues like acne and baldness by blocking testosterone conversion.
1 citations,
July 2005 in “Drugs and the pharmaceutical sciences” Targeting drugs to hair follicles can treat skin conditions, but reaching deep follicle areas is hard and needs more research.
Different scalp and hair disorders are more common in certain ethnic groups, with the most common being androgenetic alopecia, which is treated with medications like minoxidil and finasteride.
Human scalp hair follicles have PGE2 and its receptors, which might affect hair growth.
2 citations,
September 2002 in “Dermatologic Surgery” Each group of hair follicles on the scalp shares one muscle that helps control hair movement.
September 2024 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Regulatory γδ T cells help protect hair follicles from alopecia areata and promote hair regrowth.
130 citations,
June 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Estrogen Receptor ß (ERß) is the main hormone controller in human skin and hair follicles, not Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) or the Androgen Receptor (AR).
24 citations,
September 2002 in “Dermatologic Surgery” The study found that hair follicles are above muscle connections in the scalp, which may help protect stem cell areas.
51 citations,
January 1989 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Men with male-pattern baldness have more androgen receptors in their scalp's oil glands, which may contribute to hair loss.
19 citations,
November 2012 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Dopamine stops hair growth and pigment production in human scalp hair follicles.
205 citations,
March 2012 in “Science Translational Medicine” PGD2 stops hair growth and is higher in bald men with AGA.
January 2016 in “Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature” A substance called prostaglandin D2 is found more in bald scalps and it stops hair from growing. Blocking its receptor could potentially treat hair loss.
May 2012 in “Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature” Prostaglandin D2, found in higher levels in bald scalps, stops hair growth, suggesting that blocking its receptor could potentially treat hair loss.
52 citations,
December 2014 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Apremilast may help treat hair loss in alopecia areata.
A new peptide, murikal/SPR4, was found to significantly increase hair growth in mice, and its liposomal topical formulations enhanced hair growth more than commercial products. However, results on human scalp skin were unclear, needing more tests.
93 citations,
April 2012 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Improving skin barrier and using antifungal treatments can help manage dandruff.
50 citations,
May 2004 in “Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft” Estrogens generally inhibit hair growth and improve skin quality, but their exact effects on hair follicles are complex and not fully understood.
48 citations,
November 2017 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Tofacitinib 2% ointment helped hair regrow in 3 out of 10 patients with alopecia areata, but caused side effects like scalp irritation and raised cholesterol in some.