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Metformin has limited effectiveness for improving PCOS symptoms and lacks clear benefits, needing more research to confirm its efficacy.

Women with PCOS and higher androgen levels are more likely to have fatty liver disease.

Melatonin affects many body functions beyond sleep by interacting with specific receptors in various tissues.

Combination therapy with oral contraceptives and spironolactone improves hair growth, menstrual issues, and acne in women with PCOS.

Myo-inositol helps improve skin conditions and metabolic profiles in young women with PCOS.

The most common skin issues in females with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) are excessive hair growth, hair loss, oily skin, acne, dark skin patches, and skin tags, which may be linked to hormone and insulin levels.

Testosterone is crucial for development, growth, and various body functions in mammals.

Sertoliform endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary, though rare, has a good prognosis when treated early.

Most women with excess hair growth have an underlying hormonal issue, often treated with medication and hair removal methods.

The man's fatigue and erectile dysfunction were improved by treating his obesity-related low testosterone without needing testosterone replacement.

The report concludes that PCOS is mainly a condition of excess male hormones and its definition may change as new information is discovered.

Moxibustion may help improve ovarian function by changing androgen levels.

Flutamide combined with a low-dose birth control pill effectively reduces excessive hair growth in women with polycystic ovarian disease.

Insulin-sensitizing drugs like metformin can help with ovulation, weight loss, and lower testosterone in some women with PCOS.

Women with PCOS have similar bone density to healthy women, but those who are obese have higher bone density at some body sites.

Polycystic ovary syndrome costs the U.S. over $4 billion a year, mainly from treating related health issues.

Menopause and aging can affect women's quality of life and sexuality, but hormone therapies may help alleviate these issues.

The conclusion is that oral contraceptives and antiandrogens can treat hirsutism and acne in women with cutaneous hyperandrogenism, but more research is needed for effective treatments, especially for hair loss.

Birth control pills can help reduce mild to moderate acne in women.

The vitamin D receptor is crucial for bone health and affects various body systems, with mutations potentially leading to disease.

Use "female pattern hair loss" term, assess androgen excess, treat with minoxidil and other medications if needed.

Spironolactone harms fish reproduction and is more potent in fish than invertebrates, needing environmental monitoring.

The document concludes that PCOS has a strong genetic component, but more research is needed to fully understand the specific genes involved.

The estradiol valerate/dienogest oral contraceptive helps with heavy periods, may improve acne and symptoms in PCOS, and doesn't affect sexual function.

The enzyme myo-inositol oxygenase is not linked to the cause of polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) often leads to severe acne, and lifestyle changes and hormonal treatments can help manage it.

Certain microRNAs in the fluid around eggs are linked to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and may help diagnose it.

The document concludes that managing PCOS involves treating symptoms, regulating periods, and reducing health risks, with specific medications for fertility and metabolic issues.

Testosterone therapy can improve sexual function in women but long-term safety is unclear.

Obesity worsens PCOS symptoms, and PCOS may lead to more weight gain; managing both requires a holistic approach that includes mental health.