3 citations,
May 2009 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Relaxer treatments damage African–American hair, with commercial products causing more harm than lab-made solutions.
January 2011 in “Yearbook of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery” Hair relaxers are linked to reduced cystine levels and potential hair damage.
4 citations,
July 2016 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Dermatologists should use hair relaxers carefully to avoid hair and scalp damage, following specific guidelines for application and maintenance.
1 citations,
November 2011 in “Dermatologica Sinica” Women using hair relaxers with alopecia had lower zinc levels, suggesting zinc deficiency might contribute to hair loss.
June 2024 in “Journal of Clinical Oncology” Frequent use of chemical hair relaxers may increase endometrial cancer risk in Black women.
August 2005 in “Microscopy and Microanalysis” Polymethylene wax in hair relaxers makes hair smooth and shiny with less damage.
February 2019 in “IP Indian journal of clinical and experimental dermatology” Continuous use of hair relaxers and curlers can cause hair loss, dryness, dandruff, thinning, greying, and split ends.
October 2023 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Chemical hair relaxers are not proven to cause uterine cancer.
60 citations,
April 2018 in “Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology” Tight hairstyles and chemical relaxers can cause hair loss known as traction alopecia.
January 2010 in “Actas dermo-sifiliográficas/Actas dermo-sifiliográficas” Chemical relaxers may cause scarring alopecia in black women.
Hair loss is common in the studied community, often linked to aging and hair care practices like braids, weaves, and chemical relaxers.
May 2007 in “Dermatologic Therapy” Hair care practices like using relaxers and tight braiding can lead to permanent hair loss in black women.
3 citations,
January 2002 in “Springer eBooks” Alkaline hair relaxers damage hair, but cationic and non-ionic polymers can help reduce this damage.
48 citations,
June 1988 in “PubMed” Minoxidil sulfate relaxes muscle by increasing potassium flow, making it a unique muscle relaxer.
25 citations,
August 2015 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” African American women report more hair issues and use different hair care practices than Caucasian women, and have different hair and scalp characteristics.
11 citations,
January 2000 in “Journal of cosmetic science” Hydrolyzed wheat proteins penetrate all hair types effectively.
July 2012 in “Springer eBooks” The document concludes that proper diagnosis and treatment of nonscarring alopecias can improve quality of life and hair regrowth is possible as the hair follicle remains intact.
March 2010 in “Cosmetic Dermatology” Hair straightening methods have advanced to improve effectiveness and reduce damage, but still rely on heat and chemicals.
June 2007 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Title change to "Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia (CCCA)"; common in African American women; hair-grooming methods may contribute; no effective therapy found; trials needed.
88 citations,
April 2011 in “Archives of Dermatology” Type 2 diabetes, bacterial scalp infections, and tight hairstyles like braids and weaves are linked to a higher risk of a scarring hair loss condition in African American women.
75 citations,
March 2009 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” CCCA is a hair loss type affecting African women, possibly caused by grooming and chemicals, with various treatments and needing more research.
55 citations,
October 2003 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Different hair care practices and conditions affect African American hair and scalp health, requiring specialized knowledge for treatment.
17 citations,
January 2015 in “Current problems in dermatology” Understanding and treating hair disorders in different ethnic groups requires knowledge of specific hair care practices and hair characteristics.
13 citations,
June 2021 in “Carcinogenesis” Certain hair straighteners and dyes may increase ovarian cancer risk, especially in African American/Black women.
8 citations,
October 2014 in “Journal of analytical toxicology.” Chemical hair straightening significantly reduces detectable drug levels in hair.
8 citations,
January 1986 in “The Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and Oncology” Hair loss surgeries like grafts, scalp reductions, and flap rotations can be effective for black men with proper technique adjustments.
2 citations,
January 2020 in “Skin appendage disorders” Long hair can cause hair loss due to constant pulling.
1 citations,
March 2005 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Twisting hair weakens it, but strength can be recovered at low twist levels.
August 2021 in “International Journal of Research in Dermatology” Modern hair straightening improves manageability and strength while maintaining natural waves.
March 2005 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” A new method helps understand hair shine and various products improve hair care.