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Glossary Regulatory T Cells

specialized immune cells that prevent autoimmune responses

Regulatory T Cells, often abbreviated as Tregs, are a specialized subset of T cells in the immune system that help maintain immune tolerance and prevent autoimmune diseases. They function by suppressing the activity of other immune cells, thereby preventing excessive or misdirected immune responses that could damage the body's own tissues.

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research Role of regulatory T cells in psoriasis pathogenesis and treatment

273 citations , July 2020 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

This review discusses recent insights into the role of regulatory T cells in psoriasis and the impact of current treatments on their function, but reports no new research findings.

research Regulatory T-Cells: Potential Regulator of Tissue Repair and Regeneration

188 citations , March 2018 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

This review discusses the role of regulatory T-cells in tissue repair and regeneration across various organs and reports no new clinical results.

research Regulatory T Cells: the Many Faces of Foxp3

125 citations , September 2019 in “Journal of Clinical Immunology”

This review summarizes recent advances in Treg cell biology, focusing on Foxp3's role in immune regulation and therapeutic reprogramming for immune dysregulatory disorders, but reports no new clinical results.

Regulatory T Cells in Skin: Role of Foxp3+ CD4+ Tregs in Skin Homeostasis and Immune Tolerance

research Regulatory T cells in skin

110 citations , July 2017 in “Immunology”

This review discusses the role of regulatory T cells in skin, including their impact on hair follicle regeneration, wound healing, and immune tolerance, without presenting new clinical findings.

research Transient CD44 Variant Isoform Expression and Reduction in CD4+/CD25+ Regulatory T Cells in C3H/HeJ Mice with Alopecia Areata

77 citations , June 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

CD44 variant changes start alopecia areata, but don't maintain it.

T Helper 17 Cell/Regulatory T-Cell Imbalance in Hidradenitis Suppurativa/Acne Inversa: The Link to Hair Follicle Dissection, Obesity, Smoking, and Autoimmune Comorbidities

research T helper 17 cell/regulatory T-cell imbalance in hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa: the link to hair follicle dissection, obesity, smoking and autoimmune comorbidities

66 citations , March 2018 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

This article reviews the role of perifollicular regulatory T cells in maintaining hair follicle integrity in the context of hidradenitis suppurativa and calls attention to inflammatory mechanisms without reporting new clinical results.

research Imbalance of T‐helper 17 and regulatory T cells in patients with alopecia areata

62 citations , June 2015 in “The Journal of Dermatology”

This study found that patients with alopecia areata had higher levels of Th17 cells and lower levels of regulatory T cells compared to healthy controls, suggesting an immune imbalance in these patients.

research Regulatory T cells in inflammatory skin disease: from mice to humans

43 citations , February 2019 in “International immunology”

This review examines the role of regulatory T cells in skin immune disorders, highlighting their unique functions in conditions like scleroderma, alopecia areata, and psoriasis, without reporting new clinical results.

research Malt1 Protease Is Critical in Maintaining Function of Regulatory T Cells and May Be a Therapeutic Target for Antitumor Immunity

39 citations , April 2019 in “The journal of immunology/The Journal of immunology”

This study found that Malt1, particularly its protease activity, plays a crucial role in maintaining Treg cell function and homeostasis, with its inactivation leading to autoimmune diseases and altered immune responses in mice.

research Regulatory T cells are required for normal and activin‐promoted wound repair in mice

29 citations , February 2018 in “European Journal of Immunology”

In this study, Treg depletion impaired skin wound healing in mice, potentially by altering the cytokine environment and expanding certain T-cell populations, disrupting the normal healing process.

research CD80 on skin stem cells promotes local expansion of regulatory T cells upon injury to orchestrate repair within an inflammatory environment

28 citations , April 2024 in “Immunity”

In this study, researchers found that hair follicle stem cells activate an immune-modulatory program during wound healing, promoting Treg cell expansion and aiding skin repair, while deleting certain immune components impaired healing and increased inflammation in a mouse model.

research Regulatory T cells in dominant immunologic tolerance

26 citations , September 2023 in “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology”

Regulatory T cells help prevent autoimmunity and have potential for treating autoimmune diseases.

research Regulatory T cells in autoimmune skin diseases

24 citations , March 2018 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This review explores the role of regulatory T cells in autoimmune skin disorders like alopecia areata and vitiligo, emphasizing unanswered questions and reporting no new experimental results.

research Regulatory T cells in skin mediate immune privilege of the hair follicle stem cell niche

21 citations , January 2024 in “Science Immunology”

This study developed a technique to limit genetic recombination to regulatory T cells to investigate whether self-tolerance is maintained in non-lymphoid tissues, an area previously not well understood.

research Regulatory T‐cells in alopecia areata

21 citations , April 2019 in “Journal of cutaneous pathology”

This study found a significant reduction in Treg cell frequency in alopecia areata compared to other autoimmune and non-autoimmune skin diseases using immunohistochemical staining.

CD80CD86 Deficiency Disrupts Regulatory CD4+FoxP3+ T Cell Homeostasis and Induces Autoimmune-Like Alopecia

research CD80CD86 deficiency disrupts regulatory CD4+FoxP3+T cell homoeostasis and induces autoimmune-like alopecia

6 citations , April 2017 in “Experimental dermatology”

This study found that B6.CD80CD86−/− mice developed autoimmune-like alopecia with nearly 100% incidence by 40 weeks, making them a promising model for studying human alopecia areata.

research Regulatory T cells in skin regeneration and wound healing

3 citations , October 2023 in “Military Medical Research/Military medical research”

This review explores the crucial role of regulatory T cells in skin wound healing, emphasizing their involvement in balancing immune responses and promoting regeneration. It also discusses Tregs' operations in fibrosis, keloidosis, and scarring, suggesting a potential avenue for novel treatments.

research Regulatory T Cells in Autoimmune Diseases and their Potential

3 citations , November 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings”

Enhancing regulatory T cells may help treat autoimmune diseases like alopecia areata.

research Regulatory T cell dysfunction and immunotherapeutic breakthroughs in type 1 diabetes

2 citations , January 2026 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology”

This review discusses the impaired functionality of regulatory T cells in the pancreas during the development of Type 1 diabetes, highlighting their role in disease pathogenesis, potential of Treg-based therapies, and challenges in clinical applications.

research Regulatory T cells: master orchestrators of immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis

2 citations , June 2026 in “Frontiers in Science”

This review examines the potential of regulatory T cell-based therapies to transform treatment across various medical specialties by promoting immune tolerance and tissue repair, but it reports no new clinical results.

research Skin stem cells orchestrate de novo generation of extrathymic regulatory T cells to establish a temporary protective niche during wound healing

2 citations , August 2021 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

This study found that during wound healing, hair follicle stem cells develop an immune modulatory ability to create a protective immune suppressive niche, facilitating their survival and function amidst inflammation.

research HuR ablation destabilizes Foxp3 mRNA and impairs regulatory T cell function, contributing to an autoimmune phenotype

1 citations , September 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

In this study, researchers using a Treg-specific HuR-deficient mouse model found that the RNA-binding protein HuR is crucial for stabilizing Foxp3 mRNA, affecting Treg function and immune regulation, with HuR disruption leading to impaired Foxp3 expression and potential autoimmune dysfunction.

research The Role of T‐Helper 17 Cells and Regulatory T Cells in Acute Diffuse and Total Alopecia: The Increased Function of Regulatory T Cells May Explain the Favorable Prognosis

1 citations , May 2025 in “The Journal of Dermatology”

In this study, increased Treg cell activity indicated by IL-10 and IL-15 was identified as a feature of ADTA, distinguishing it from AA and potentially explaining ADTA's more favorable prognosis.

Human Regulatory T Cells: Role in Autoimmune Skin Diseases and Post-Transplant Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers

research Human Regulatory T Cells: Understanding the Role of Tregs in Select Autoimmune Skin Diseases and Post-Transplant Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers

1 citations , January 2023 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

This review explores the role of Tregs in autoimmune skin diseases, transplantation, and skin cancer, and discusses Tregs-based therapies' potential for treating autoimmunity without reporting new experimental results.

research The potential of regulatory T cell-based therapies for alopecia areata

May 2023 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

This article discusses the role of regulatory T cells in alopecia areata, where their deficiency in hair follicles may lead to impaired local immunity and suggests potential therapies like CAR-T reg cells and low-dose IL-2 to alleviate autoimmunity and promote hair regeneration in affected individuals.

Distinctive T Cell Patterns Defining Lymphocytic Alopecia and Alternate Autoimmune and Stem Cell Pathways, Linked to Pleiotropic Functions of Regulatory T Cells Within iSALT

research Distinctive T Cell Patterns Defining Lymphocytic Alopecia and Alternate Autoimmune and Stem Cell Pathways, Linked to Pleiotropic Functions of Regulatory T Cells Within iSALT

June 2026 in “American Journal of Dermatopathology”

This review describes various T-cell-mediated alopecias characterized by distinct lymphocytic patterns and explores their pathophysiology. It highlights the role of CD8+ and regulatory T cells, the JAK/STAT pathway, and stem cell niches, contributing to understanding and potentially addressing these hair loss conditions.

research Regulatory T Cell Heterogeneity in the Steady State and Tumor

January 2026 in “Immune Network”

This review discusses the heterogeneity of Tregs in normal and tumor environments, emphasizing the complexity of targeting tumor-resident Tregs while maintaining systemic immune tolerance, but reports no new findings.

research Beyond immune suppression: regenerative programs in regulatory T cells

August 2026 in “Cell Insight”

This review discusses how regulatory T cells may also promote tissue regeneration through specialized pathways, in addition to their traditional role in maintaining immune tolerance, but reports no new experimental results.

research Immunomodulatory roles of regulatory T cells in cutaneous wound healing: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities

March 2026 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

This review discusses the multifaceted roles of regulatory T cells in cutaneous wound healing and highlights potential therapeutic strategies targeting these cells to enhance wound repair in chronic and diabetic wounds, but reports no new clinical results.

research Regulatory T cells modulate bone marrow stromal cell osteogenesis by activating ROCK-myosin axis and cell contractility

January 2026

This study found that direct co-culture of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells with regulatory T cells enhanced osteogenic gene expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, and matrix mineralization, suggesting Treg's potential in promoting bone regeneration by modulating BMSC mechanobiology through the ROCK-myosin signaling pathway.