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    Did you mean Peptidylarginine Deiminase?
    Glossary Peptidylarginine Deiminase

    enzyme converting arginine in proteins to citrulline

    Peptidylarginine Deiminase (PAD) is an enzyme that converts arginine residues in proteins into citrulline through a process called deimination or citrullination. This modification can affect protein function and is involved in various physiological processes, including the regulation of gene expression and the formation of hair. Dysregulation of PAD activity has been linked to autoimmune diseases and conditions like alopecia.

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    Research 30 of 108

    1. Human Peptidylarginine Deiminase Type III: Molecular Cloning and Nucleotide Sequence of the cDNA, Properties of the Recombinant Enzyme, and Immunohistochemical Localization in Human Skin 2000 · 124 citations
    2. Immunocytochemical Localization of Peptidylarginine Deiminase Type III, Trichohyalin and Deiminated Trichohyalin in Infant Rat Dorsal Skin Hair Follicle Biomedical Research · 2001 · 2 citations
    3. Morphogenesis- and Hair Cycle-dependent Expression of Trichohyalin, Peptidylarginine Deiminase Type III and Deiminated Trichohyalin in Rat Dorsal Skin Hair Follicles Biomedical Research · 2001
    4. Isolation and Molecular Cloning of Epidermal- and Hair Follicle-Specific Peptidylarginine Deiminase (Type III) from Rat The Journal of Biochemistry · 1997 · 42 citations
    5. Molecular cloning of two novel types of peptidylarginine deiminase cDNAs from retinoic acid‐treated culture of a newborn rat keratinocyte cell line FEBS Letters · 1998 · 39 citations
    6. Citrullinome of Porphyromonas gingivalis Outer Membrane Vesicles: Confident Identification of Citrullinated Peptides Molecular & Cellular Proteomics · 2019 · 21 citations
    7. Peptidylarginine Deiminase Isoforms Are Differentially Expressed in the Anagen Hair Follicles and Other Human Skin Appendages Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2005 · 71 citations
    8. Pathogenic variants affecting peptidyl arginine deiminase 3 and its major substrates underlie central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2025
    9. Deimination and Peptidylarginine Deiminases in Skin Physiology and Diseases International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2020 · 57 citations
    10. Ca <sup>2+</sup> -mediated protein citrullination regulates proliferation in the regenerating and malignant CNS 2026
    11. Specific Citrullination Causes Assembly of a Globular S100A3 Homotetramer 2007 · 62 citations
    12. The Fate of Trichohyalin 1997 · 135 citations
    13. Androgen Regulation of the Human Hair Follicle: The Type I Hair Keratin hHa7 Is a Direct Target Gene in Trichocytes Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2004 · 49 citations
    14. Genetic Susceptibility to Alopecia The New England Journal of Medicine · 2019 · 5 citations
    15. The alopecia areata phenotype is induced by the water avoidance stress test in <i>cchcr1</i>-deficient mice bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · 2020
    16. The citrullinating enzyme PADI4 governs progenitor cell proliferation and translation in developing hair follicles Science Advances · 2025
    17. Trichohyalin-Like Proteins Have Evolutionarily Conserved Roles in the Morphogenesis of Skin Appendages Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2014 · 68 citations
    18. Integrated Meta-Analysis of Scalp Transcriptomics and Serum Proteomics Defines Alopecia Areata Subtypes and Core Disease Pathways International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2025
    19. Keratin Expression Provides Novel Insight into the Morphogenesis and Function of the Companion Layer in Hair Follicles Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2006 · 38 citations
    20. Cardiovascular risk in patients with scarring and nonscarring alopecias: Assessing the current state of evidence JEADV Clinical Practice · 2023
    21. Skin transcriptome profiling of Changthangi goats highlights the relevance of genes involved in Pashmina production Scientific reports · 2020 · 22 citations
    22. Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia: a subtype of lichen planopilaris in African descent? Portuguese Journal of Dermatology and Venereology · 2024
    23. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Fetal Skin Reveals Key Genes Related to Hair Follicle Morphogenesis in Cashmere Goats PLoS ONE · 2016 · 127 citations
    24. Variant <i>PADI3</i> in Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia The New England Journal of Medicine · 2019 · 95 citations
    25. Characteristic Localization of Neuronatin in Rat Testis, Hair Follicle, Tongue, and Pancreas Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry · 2019 · 2 citations
    26. Erasing the methyl mark: histone demethylases at the center of cellular differentiation and disease Genes & Development · 2008 · 667 citations
    27. Hair follicle differentiation and regulation. The International Journal of Developmental Biology · 2004 · 199 citations
    28. All Roads Go to the Nucleus: Integration of Signaling/Transcription Factor-Mediated and Epigenetic Regulatory Mechanisms in the Control of Skin Development and Regeneration Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine · 2018
    29. Abstracts from the Symposium on the Pathophysiology of Hair Growth Organized by the Institute of Dermatology at the Royal Society of Medicine, 29 October 1987 Clinical and Experimental Dermatology · 1989
    30. Mapping of cis-acting expression quantitative trait loci in human scalp hair follicles BMC Dermatology · 2020 · 4 citations