119 citations,
November 2016 in “American journal of human genetics” Mutations in three genes cause Uncombable Hair Syndrome, leading to frizzy hair that can't be combed flat.
114 citations,
January 2016 in “Current topics in developmental biology/Current Topics in Developmental Biology” Frizzled receptors are essential for various body development processes and maintaining certain body functions.
99 citations,
May 1998 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Small proline-rich proteins and trichohyalin help make epithelial tissues tougher and more flexible.
86 citations,
April 2009 in “Journal of anatomy” Hard skin features like scales, feathers, and hair evolved through specific protein changes in different animal groups.
68 citations,
August 2014 in “PeerJ” Human hair proteins vary by individual, body site, and ethnicity, useful for forensics.
65 citations,
September 2014 in “BMC genomics” Different hair types in mammals are linked to variations in specific protein genes, with changes influenced by their living environments.
62 citations,
December 2007 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” A specific chemical change in the S100A3 protein leads to the formation of a four-part structure important for hair formation.
59 citations,
July 1972 in “Biochemistry” Transamidases help form strong crosslinks in hair proteins, crucial for hair strength.
56 citations,
February 2012 in “Developmental biology” Sostdc1 controls the size and number of hair and mammary gland structures.
53 citations,
July 2016 in “Cosmetics” Future hair cosmetics will be safer and more effective.
51 citations,
September 2012 in “Biomacromolecules” Disulfide bonds make keratin in hair stronger and tougher.
51 citations,
January 2007 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Scientists discovered a unique hair protein, KAP24.1, with a special structure, found only in the upper part of hair cuticles.
48 citations,
November 2002 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Genetic variations in hair keratin proteins exist but don't significantly affect hair structure.
45 citations,
December 2007 in “The FASEB journal” There are two types of stem cells in rodent hair follicles, each with different keratin proteins.
39 citations,
March 2022 in “Nature Protocols” Scientists created hair-growing skin models from stem cells, which could help treat hair loss and skin diseases.
39 citations,
February 1990 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” Trichohyalin, a hair follicle protein, has a part with repeating patterns of 23 amino acids.
38 citations,
November 2020 in “International journal of biochemistry & cell biology” Keratin proteins are essential for keeping the cells in the human colon healthy and stable.
37 citations,
October 2015 in “PeerJ” Perming significantly changes hair's molecular structure, while shampoo and conditioner do not.
34 citations,
July 2020 in “American journal of human genetics” Changes in the SREBF1 gene cause a rare genetic skin and hair disorder.
33 citations,
October 2013 in “PloS one” Human sweat glands have a type of stem cell that can grow well and turn into different cell types.
30 citations,
February 2010 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Plet-1 protein helps hair follicle cells move and stick to tissues.
29 citations,
January 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Fat under the skin releases HGF which helps hair grow and gain color.
27 citations,
May 2019 in “Cosmetics” The hair cuticle is made of tough proteins that protect the hair, but more research is needed to fully understand its structure.
25 citations,
October 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Mouse profilaggrin helps in skin cell differentiation and may be involved in calcium signaling.
22 citations,
August 2020 in “Cells” TGM3 is important for skin and hair structure and may help diagnose cancer.
22 citations,
July 2020 in “iScience” Sox21 is crucial for tooth development and enamel formation by preventing cells from changing into a different type.
21 citations,
July 2022 in “Orphanet journal of rare diseases” New treatments for ichthyosis, like protein replacement and gene therapy, show promise and may become standard care.
21 citations,
November 2019 in “Molecular & Cellular Proteomics” Citrullinated proteins from Porphyromonas gingivalis may contribute to rheumatoid arthritis.
19 citations,
July 2020 in “EBioMedicine” A gene variant increases the risk of a type of hair loss by affecting hair protein production.
18 citations,
January 2018 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology” Hair keratins evolved from ancient proteins, diversifying through gene changes, crucial for forming claws and later hair in mammals.