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This narrative review summarizes evidence on NAD⁺ biosynthesis and turnover, highlighting that while NAD⁺ precursors like NR and NMN consistently boost NAD⁺ levels in preclinical and human studies, clinical outcome results remain varied, indicating a need for more standardized human trials.

This study found that improved outcomes in scalp surgery were achieved by utilizing knowledge of the surgical anatomy of the scalp to avoid complications like unsightly scars and distorted hair patterns.

This study found that understanding the surgical anatomy of the scalp significantly improves outcomes in scalp surgery by reducing complications like unsightly scars and distorted hair patterns.

This review supports iron deficiency anemia as a valid cause of chronic generalized pruritus and suggests potential mechanisms by which iron deficiency may lead to pruritus, but reports no new clinical results.

This case report describes a 2-month-old male with biotinidase deficiency whose seizures and skin symptoms improved dramatically with oral biotin supplementation.

This abstract does not provide specific study results or findings, but it notes that the publisher is not responsible for the supplemental content's accuracy and functionality, directing any queries to the article's corresponding author.

This review highlights that bariatric surgery can increase nutritional deficiencies in morbidly obese patients, with particular emphasis on the risks of deficiency due to reduced food intake and malabsorption.

This case study reports a two and a half-month-old with biotinidase deficiency who showed rapid seizure improvement with biotin treatment after presenting with convulsions and neurological symptoms.

This case report describes a rare instance of pediatric idiopathic hypoparathyroidism in an 11-year-old Saudi boy, characterized by extensive cranial calcifications beyond the basal ganglia, with no other neurological abnormalities.

In this study, the authors explored the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for typical sports injuries and cosmetic surgical wounds, finding that a hormetic dose-response relationship could explain the observed successes, contrary to prevailing expert opinion that deemed this treatment ineffective for normal wounds.

This case report describes a six-year-old child with congenital biotinidase deficiency whose symptoms, including breathlessness, alopecia, and hearing loss, were reversed with biotin supplementation.

This study reviewed how Anifrolumab, though often used in real-world settings for SLE patients with neurological symptoms, showed varying effectiveness and required cautious monitoring for adverse effects like thrombocytopenia and cerebrovascular events.

This report describes a unique case of hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets (HVDRR) in a dog, caused by a VDR gene mutation resulting in severe hypocalcemia and bone issues, which presented with symptoms similar to those observed in humans.

This review discusses biotin and biotinidase deficiencies, their symptoms, and methods of medical management, without presenting new clinical findings.

This study concludes that dietary L-serine supplementation shows promise as a long-term therapy for hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1, reducing neurotoxic 1-deoxysphingolipid levels and improving symptoms in severe cases.

In this case report, treatment with anifrolumab led to significant improvement in symptoms for a 52-year-old woman with refractory systemic lupus erythematosus, including resolution of chronic lupus headaches resistant to previous therapies.

This study found that hemodialysis patients taking water-soluble vitamins had a 16% lower mortality risk compared to those not taking any, but the specific supplementation needed remains unclear.

In this study, intranasal delivery of hair follicle-derived stem cells improved neurological function and reduced brain damage in a rat model of ischemic stroke.

This research highlights the crucial roles of B vitamins in metabolism, neurological processes, and DNA functions, and describes emerging therapies that enhance vitamin absorption and therapeutic potential.

This review explores the effects of caffeine on cancer, cardiovascular, immunological, inflammatory, and neurological diseases, including its use in sports, and discusses advancements in caffeine delivery through novel nanocarrier-based formulations.

This review provides an overview of caffeine's effects on cancer, cardiovascular, immunological, inflammatory, and neurological diseases, highlighting both its potential benefits, such as neuroprotection and anti-aging, and possible adverse effects like elevated blood pressure, anemia, and migraine.

In this case report, a 2.5-year-old boy with biotinidase deficiency, initially misdiagnosed due to overlapping symptoms, showed dramatic improvement in several clinical areas after starting biotin supplementation, but persistent sensorineural hearing loss underscored the importance of early diagnosis for preventing irreversible complications.

This case report highlights the growing prevalence and treatability of neurosyphilis, stressing the need to consider it in neurological symptoms such as encephalopathy, facial nerve palsy, and gelastic seizures associated with the frontal lobe.

This study suggests that inhibiting PKC, similar to rapamycin treatment, can extend lifespan and reduce neurological symptoms and inflammation in mice with mitochondrial dysfunction, potentially involving the mTORC2 pathway.

In this study, patients with advanced cancers reported significant quality of life impacts from second-line therapies, including gastrointestinal and neurological side effects, emotional distress, and social isolation, yet remained motivated to continue treatment for survival and personal connections.

This review discusses the potential clinical benefits and functional properties of taurine as a conditionally essential amino acid, noting its presence in energy drinks, but reports no new experimental results.

This review examines nutritional deficiencies after bariatric surgery, particularly in essential minerals like zinc and copper, and highlights the need for more research to improve post-surgery nutritional outcomes.

This study reports that riboflavin may increase enzymatic activity in a GCDH-deficient patient with specific mutations, but doesn't fully normalize urinary organic acid levels.

In this case report, two patients with coexisting systemic lupus erythematous and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder achieved remission of SLE activity using an anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody.

In this study, brindled mutant mice with clinical features similar to kinky hair syndrome showed marked improvement and prevention of neuronal degeneration after receiving cupric chloride injections, with timing of administration being crucial.