NAD⁺ Biology in Aging and Chronic Disease: Mechanisms and Evidence Across Skin, Fertility, Osteoarthritis, Hearing and Vision Loss, Gut Health, Cardiovascular-Hepatic Metabolism, Neurological Disorders, and Muscle

    January 2026 in “ Annals of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism ”
    Uppal Rizwan, Saeed Umar, Uppal Muhammad Rehan, Amin Humza, Uppal Muhammad Rehan
    Image
    Studysummary This narrative review summarizes evidence on NAD⁺ biosynthesis and turnover, highlighting that while NAD⁺ precursors like NR and NMN consistently boost NAD⁺ levels in preclinical and human studies, clinical outcome results remain varied, indicating a need for more standardized human trials. Our plain-language summary of this paper — not a Tressless recommendation.
    Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) is crucial for energy metabolism, DNA repair, and cellular stress resilience, with declines linked to aging and chronic diseases. This review highlights the potential of NAD⁺ restoration to influence disease biology across various organ systems. NAD⁺ supports key metabolic processes and acts as a substrate for DNA repair and mitochondrial function. Impaired NAD⁺ homeostasis is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and immune responses in conditions like neurodegeneration and cardiometabolic disease. While NAD⁺ precursor supplementation shows promise in elevating NAD⁺ levels, clinical outcomes are inconsistent, and evidence for intravenous NAD⁺ therapy is limited. Well-designed human studies are needed to confirm the clinical benefits of NAD⁺-boosting strategies across multiple health conditions.
    Discuss this study in the Community →

    Research cited in this study

    1 / 1 results