NAD⁺ Biology in Aging and Chronic Disease: Mechanisms and Evidence Across Skin, Fertility, Osteoarthritis, Hearing and Vision Loss, Gut Health, Cardiovascular-Hepatic Metabolism, Neurological Disorders, and Muscle
January 2026
in “
Annals of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
”
Studysummary This narrative review summarizes evidence on NAD⁺ biosynthesis and turnover, highlighting that while NAD⁺ precursors like NR and NMN consistently boost NAD⁺ levels in preclinical and human studies, clinical outcome results remain varied, indicating a need for more standardized human trials.
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