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Some bacteria use arsenic compounds as antibiotics, and others have evolved resistance; a particular arsenic-based compound shows potential as a new antimalarial treatment.

TNF family proteins are crucial for the development of skin features like hair, teeth, and mammary glands.

Sostdc1 controls the size and number of hair and mammary gland structures.

Hair keratins evolved from ancient proteins, diversifying through gene changes, crucial for forming claws and later hair in mammals.

Hair in mammals likely evolved from glandular structures, not scales.

Cysteine-rich keratins evolved independently in mammals, reptiles, and birds for hard skin structures like hair, claws, and feathers.

Hox genes control hair growth patterns in mammals by regulating stem cell activity in the skin.

Monotreme hair structure and protein distribution are similar to other mammals, but their inner root sheath cornifies differently, suggesting a unique evolution from reptile skin.

Marsupial hair structure and keratin distribution are similar to placental mammals.

Zebrafish larvae are used to study and find treatments for ear cell damage because they are easier to observe and test than mammals.

High levels of ERK activity are key for tissue regeneration in spiny mice, and activating ERK can potentially redirect scar-forming healing towards regenerative healing in mammals.

Hair, teeth, and mammary glands develop similarly at first but use different genes later.

The document concludes that while some organisms can regenerate body parts, mammals generally cannot, and cancer progression is complex, involving mutations rather than a strict stem cell hierarchy.

Keratin-associated proteins have ancient origins and were used for different purposes before being adapted for hair in mammals.

Lizards can regrow their tail scales with the same structure, distribution, and gender-specific features as the original ones, and this unique ability is not seen in adult mammals.

The gene Ascl4 is not necessary for the development of hair, teeth, or mammary glands.

Mice without the p21 gene can fully regenerate injured ears due to reduced Sdf1 increase and leukocyte recruitment, suggesting new ways to induce tissue regeneration in mammals.

Mice lacking the PPARγ gene in their fat cells had almost no fat tissue, severe metabolic problems, and abnormal development of other fat-related tissues.

A mother's PPARγ is crucial for preventing harmful milk that can cause inflammation and growth problems in babies.

RANK is a key target in breast cancer treatment due to its role in tumor growth and bone metastasis.

Fat cells are important for tissue repair and stem cell support in various body parts.

Dermatologists perform most outpatient cosmetic procedures in the U.S., especially on white women aged 40 to 59.

Human sebaceous glands contain enzymes that affect androgen production and may influence sebum production and acne.

The document concludes that health care providers should offer culturally competent care and more research is needed to improve health outcomes for transgender individuals.

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) doesn't affect rat skin cell growth, but it does change cell cycle, protein levels, and other cell functions, potentially shortening hair growth cycle.

Cyanidin 3-O-arabinoside may help treat a common form of hair loss by protecting cells against aging and improving cell function.

Wounds can cause new hair growth in adult mice, influenced by Wnt signaling.

ATP-sensitive K+ channel subunits, particularly Sur2A, play a significant role in various cancers.

Vitamin A is essential for healthy skin and normal hair growth.

The cause of Frontal fibrosing alopecia, a type of hair loss, is complex, likely involving immune responses and genetics, but is not fully understood.