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Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.

mTOR signaling helps activate hair stem cells by balancing out the suppression caused by BMP during hair growth.

Insulin resistance may contribute to various skin diseases and treating it could improve skin health and prevent more serious conditions.

Women with PCOS have different levels of certain fats and proteins in their blood, which could help diagnose the condition.

Alopecia areata can cause unpredictable hair loss, and treatments like corticosteroids and minoxidil may help but have varying side effects.

Janus kinase inhibitors are promising drugs for treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

The document explains how the male reproductive system works, its role in making testosterone, and how conditions like obesity can disrupt it, leading to low testosterone and fertility issues.

Ganoderma lucidum, a type of mushroom, may help treat enlarged prostate by blocking testosterone conversion.

Some Thai plants, especially Carthamus tinctorius, could help prevent hair loss and promote hair growth without adverse effects.

Blocking the enzyme 11β-HSD1 might help treat obesity and metabolic issues.

Sabal and Urtica extract works as well as finasteride for treating BPH, with fewer side effects.

People with diabetes or obesity should manage their conditions carefully as they have a higher risk of severe COVID-19.

Advanced hydrogel systems with therapeutic agents could greatly improve acute and chronic wound treatment.

Cancer can hijack the body's cell repair system to promote tumor growth, and targeting this process may improve cancer treatments.

Air pollution (PM10) increases skin inflammation and aging by reducing collagen and may trigger a repair response in skin cells.

The new assay can track and measure melanosome transfer between skin cells, confirming filopodia's role in this process.

Nonionic liposomes are the best for delivering genes to skin cells.

Advanced nanocarrier and microneedle drug delivery methods are more effective, safer, and less invasive for treating skin diseases.

Tissue-resident memory T cells can protect against infections and cancer but may also contribute to autoimmune diseases.

Some plant-based treatments can help with benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms, but more research is needed to confirm their safety and effectiveness.

Hair greying is caused by oxidative stress damaging hair follicles and melanocytes.

European guidelines recommend regular eye and ear exams, skin care, vitamin D supplements, and cautious use of medications for managing congenital ichthyoses.

An imbalance between certain immune cells is linked to a chronic skin condition and may be influenced by obesity, smoking, and autoimmune issues.

Isotretinoin's effects and side effects, like birth defects and depression, might be due to it causing cell death in various cells.

The document concludes that for hair and feather growth, it's better to target the environment around stem cells than the cells themselves.

Dermoscopy improves diagnosis and treatment monitoring for children's skin infections, inflammations, and hair disorders.

Certain bacteria and fungi are linked to healthy scalps and dandruff, suggesting that the scalp's microbial balance affects its health.

Skin problems can be caused or worsened by physical forces and pressure on the skin.

Skin fat has important roles in hair growth, skin repair, immune defense, and aging, and could be targeted for skin and hair treatments.

Most low-level light therapy studies did not accurately report how light was measured, affecting treatment reliability.