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Glossary Janus Kinase

enzyme involved in cell signaling and immune response

Janus Kinase (JAK) is a type of enzyme that plays a crucial role in the signaling pathways of cells, particularly in the immune system. It helps transmit signals from various cytokines and growth factors to the cell nucleus, influencing cell growth, survival, development, and differentiation. Dysregulation of JAK activity is associated with various diseases, including certain types of alopecia and autoimmune disorders, making it a target for specific therapeutic drugs known as JAK inhibitors.

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research Targeting the Janus Kinase Family in Autoimmune Skin Diseases

124 citations , October 2019 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

This review discusses the role of the JAK-STAT pathway in autoimmune skin diseases and suggests potential therapeutic benefits of JAK inhibitors, but reports no new experimental results.

research The emerging role of Janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases

70 citations , October 2020 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology”

This review discusses the JAK-STAT pathway and the use of FDA-approved JAK inhibitors for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases but reports no new research findings.

research Janus Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Severe Alopecia Areata: An Open-Label Comparative Study

66 citations , December 2018 in “Dermatology”

This study found that oral JAK inhibitors, ruxolitinib and tofacitinib, are effective and well-tolerated for treating severe alopecia areata, with a similar degree of hair regrowth and relapse rates, but ruxolitinib induced faster initial hair regrowth.

research Role of janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of alopecia areata

53 citations , July 2018 in “Drug design, development and therapy”

This review summarizes existing evidence on the efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors for treating alopecia areata and emphasizes the need for improved topical formulations.

research Inhibiting Janus kinases to treat alopecia areata

52 citations , September 2014 in “Nature medicine”

JAK inhibitors might help treat alopecia areata.

research Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors for the treatment of skin and hair disorders: a review of literature

40 citations , December 2016 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment”

This study reviewed the role of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in skin diseases and the potential of JAK inhibitors for treating conditions like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Although the findings are promising, the authors concluded it is premature to establish their place in dermatological treatments.

research The Use of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Alopecia Areata: A Review of the Literature

17 citations , January 2019 in “Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery”

This review discusses the potential of JAK inhibitors for treating alopecia areata and reports case study evidence of their effectiveness, but formal clinical trials are needed for more definitive conclusions.

research Janus kinase inhibitors for alopecia areata: a review of clinical data

4 citations , May 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

This review examines the mechanisms of Janus kinase inhibitors in treating alopecia areata and evaluates their efficacy and safety, but reports no new clinical results.

The Relative Efficacy of Monotherapy With Janus Kinase Inhibitors, Dupilumab and Apremilast in Adults With Alopecia Areata: Network Meta-Analyses of Clinical Trials

research The relative efficacy of monotherapy with Janus kinase inhibitors, dupilumab and apremilast in adults with alopecia areata: Network meta‐analyses of clinical trials

2 citations , July 2023 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology”

In this study, JAK inhibitors like baricitinib and ruxolitinib were found to be more effective and caused fewer discontinuations due to adverse events in adults with alopecia areata compared to therapies like dupilumab and apremilast, highlighting the need for more high-quality comparative trials.

research Janus Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata

2 citations , January 2023 in “Prague Medical Report”

This review examined the role, efficacy, and safety of Janus kinase inhibitors in treating alopecia areata, noting that baricitinib has received approval as the first on-label treatment due to positive outcomes in multiple trials.

research Novel Janus Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Dermatologic Conditions

1 citations , December 2023 in “Molecules/Molecules online/Molecules annual”

This review summarized the latest knowledge suggesting that Janus kinase inhibitors may have therapeutic potential for treating skin diseases like atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, especially when conventional therapies do not work.

research Janus Kinase inhibitors in dermatology: a review

1 citations , January 2023 in “Portuguese Journal of Dermatology and Venereology”

This review covers the use of JAK inhibitors in treating various dermatological conditions, emphasizing their potential while noting ongoing safety concerns with oral treatments; no new clinical results are provided.

research The role of janus kinases in the treatment of autoimmune skin diseases

1 citations , February 2021 in “Farmacja Polska”

This article reviews the role of the JAK-STAT pathway in inflammatory skin diseases and considers the therapeutic benefits of JAK inhibitors, presenting them as promising treatments but reports no new experimental results.

Perspectives of Chinese Adult Patients with Alopecia Areata on Janus Kinase Inhibitors Therapy: A Qualitative Analysis Based on Social Media Platforms

research Perspectives of Chinese Adult Patients with Alopecia Areata on Janus Kinase Inhibitors Therapy: A Qualitative Analysis Based on Social Media Platforms

June 2025 in “Patient Preference and Adherence”

This study examined Chinese adult patients' discussions on social media about JAK inhibitors for alopecia areata, highlighting significant interest in these treatments but also concerns about efficacy, relapse, side effects, and the emotional impact of the condition.

research A phase 2a randomized, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the oral Janus kinase inhibitors ritlecitinib and brepocitinib in alopecia areata: 24-week results

138 citations , March 2021 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

This study found that treatment with ritlecitinib or brepocitinib was effective in improving scalp hair loss for patients with alopecia areata over 24 weeks compared to placebo.

research Janus kinase inhibitors in dermatology: A systematic review

116 citations , February 2017 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

This systematic review found that Janus kinase inhibitors have shown beneficial effects for psoriasis and alopecia areata, with promising preliminary results in other skin conditions, though more research is needed to define dosing and safety profiles.

Efficacy and Safety of the Oral Janus Kinase Inhibitor Baricitinib in the Treatment of Adults with Alopecia Areata: Phase 2 Results from a Randomized Controlled Study

research Efficacy and safety of the oral Janus kinase inhibitor baricitinib in the treatment of adults with alopecia areata: Phase 2 results from a randomized controlled study

66 citations , June 2021 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

In this phase 2 study, baricitinib at 2 mg and 4 mg doses significantly improved hair regrowth in adults with alopecia areata and ≥50% scalp hair loss compared to placebo, without new safety concerns, although the small sample size limits the results' generalizability.

Tofacitinib (Selective Janus Kinase Inhibitor 1 and 3): A Promising Therapy for the Treatment of Alopecia Areata: A Case Report of Six Patients

research Tofacitinib (Selective Janus Kinase Inhibitor 1 and 3): A promising therapy for the treatment of alopecia areata: A case report of six patients

24 citations , January 2018 in “International Journal of Trichology”

This study found that oral tofacitinib was effective in promoting hair regrowth in patients with alopecia universalis, although further controlled studies are recommended to confirm its safety and efficacy.

research Efficacy and safety of the oral Janus kinase 3/tyrosine kinase expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma family kinase inhibitor ritlecitinib over 24 months: integrated analysis of the ALLEGRO phase IIb/III and long-term phase III clinical studies in alopecia areata

23 citations , October 2024 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

In this study, ritlecitinib showed sustained effectiveness and a favorable safety profile in treating alopecia areata in patients aged 12 and older over 24 months, with improvements observed in hair and eyebrow regrowth and patient satisfaction.

Selective Janus Kinase 1 Inhibition Resolves Inflammation and Restores Hair Growth Offering a Viable Treatment Option for Alopecia Areata

research Selective Janus kinase 1 inhibition resolves inflammation and restores hair growth offering a viable treatment option for alopecia areata

4 citations , January 2023 in “Skin health and disease”

This study shows that in a mouse model of Alopecia Areata, selective JAK1 inhibition facilitated hair regrowth and inflammation resolution while potentially offering a better safety profile compared to pan-JAK inhibition.

research Janus kinase inhibitors for alopecia areata: A narrative review

2 citations , June 2023 in “Indian journal of dermatology, venereology, and leprology”

This narrative review reports that Janus kinase inhibitors show promise as an effective treatment for alopecia areata, especially in patients who do not respond to conventional therapies, although further research on long-term use and topical application is needed.

research The Role of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Dermatology

February 2026 in “Eduvest - Journal Of Universal Studies”

This review discusses the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic effectiveness of Janus Kinase Inhibitors for inflammatory skin diseases, suggesting these inhibitors have a rapid onset and favorable safety profile compared to conventional treatments.

Observational Real-World Evidence on the Efficacy and Safety of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Active Ulcerative Colitis

research P718 Observational real-world evidence on the efficacy and safety of Janus Kinase inhibitors (JAKi) in the treatment of moderate to severe Active Ulcerative Colitis (UC)

January 2024 in “Journal of Crohn's and colitis”

This study reports that JAK inhibitors were effective in inducing remission in ulcerative colitis patients and presented an acceptable safety profile with a range of manageable side effects.

research Efficacy and safety of deuruxolitinib, an oral selective Janus kinase inhibitor, in adults with alopecia areata: Results from the Phase 3 randomized, controlled trial (THRIVE-AA1)

63 citations , July 2024 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

This study found that the oral JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor deuruxolitinib effectively promoted hair regrowth and patient satisfaction in adults with alopecia areata over 24 weeks.

research Tofacitinib 2% ointment, a topical Janus kinase inhibitor, for the treatment of alopecia areata: A pilot study of 10 patients

48 citations , November 2017 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

Tofacitinib 2% ointment helped hair regrow in 3 out of 10 patients with alopecia areata, but caused side effects like scalp irritation and raised cholesterol in some.

research Frontal fibrosing alopecia shows robust T helper 1 and Janus kinase 3 skewing

34 citations , June 2020 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

In this study, researchers observed that follicular damage and stem cell loss in frontal fibrosing alopecia may be mediated by immune attacks at the bulge region, suggesting potential for JAK/STAT-targeting treatments to prevent progression.

Janus Kinase Inhibition in Down Syndrome: Two Cases of Therapeutic Benefit for Alopecia Areata

research Janus kinase inhibition in Down syndrome: 2 cases of therapeutic benefit for alopecia areata

32 citations , April 2019 in “JAAD case reports”

This study discusses the immune dysregulation observed in individuals with Down syndrome, highlighting their increased risk for autoimmune skin conditions, but does not yet clarify the molecular mechanisms behind this profile.

research Comparative efficacy of oral Janus kinase inhibitors and biologics in adult alopecia areata: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta‐analysis

20 citations , January 2024 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

This study conducted a meta-analysis and found that among therapies for alopecia areata, baricitinib_4 mg was most likely to be effective, followed by ritlecitinib and ivarmacitinib, while other treatments like dupilumab and secukinumab were less effective.

research The role of Janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of alopecia areata: A systematic review

19 citations , August 2019 in “Dermatologic therapy”

This review discusses the use of Janus kinase inhibitors for alopecia areata and reports promising short-term efficacy but low-quality evidence, highlighting the need for further research to confirm long-term safety and effectiveness.

research Janus kinase inhibition for the treatment of refractory frontal fibrosing alopecia: A case series and review of the literature

16 citations , August 2023 in “JAAD Case Reports”

This review discusses the unclear etiology and potential contributing factors of frontal fibrosing alopecia and reports no new clinical findings.