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Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease causing patchy hair loss, often with other autoimmune disorders, but its exact causes are unknown.

Aging causes skin stem cells to work less effectively.

Periodontal ligament stem cells show promise for regrowing tissues but require more research for safe, effective use.

Antibiotics can reduce acne but may lead to resistant bacteria, and understanding the skin's bacteria is important for treatment.

Fat-derived stem cells show promise for skin repair and reducing aging signs but need more research for consistent results.

Men generally have more severe COVID-19 cases and higher death rates than women due to biological differences.

Substances from Chinese medicines show promise for immune support and disease prevention, but the way they are processed affects their effectiveness.

MicroRNA-302 helps improve the conversion of body cells into stem cells by blocking NR2F2.

Vitamin D has potential benefits for cancer prevention, heart health, diabetes, obesity, muscle function, skin health, and immune function, but clinical results are mixed and more research is needed.

Rhodococcus equi causes severe pneumonia in young foals, and effective vaccines are needed due to foals' weak immune responses.

Children with atopic dermatitis often have sleep problems, affecting their growth and behavior.

Men, especially older ones with health issues like prostate cancer, may have worse COVID-19 outcomes and could benefit from therapies targeting male hormones.

Recombinant cytokine therapy can cause skin reactions ranging from mild to severe.

Pure carbon nanotubes are safe for mice, but impure ones cause immune issues and hair loss.

COVID-19 can cause skin issues like rashes and "COVID toes," and people with skin conditions should adjust their treatments if they get the virus.

Prolactin affects hair growth and skin conditions, and could be a target for new skin disease treatments.

Nutraceuticals may improve skin health and protect against aging, but more research is needed on their optimal use and possible health risks.

The document concludes that dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis are linked to inflammation and skin changes, and treating them with specific shampoos can reduce these issues.

Conditioned media from mesenchymal stem cell cultures could be a more effective alternative for regenerative therapies, but more research is needed.

The document concludes that specific itchy skin diseases during pregnancy have varying fetal risks and treatments, including corticosteroids and other medications.

Mutant mice help researchers understand hair growth and related genetic factors.

Methotrexate is a key, cost-effective drug for skin conditions, but requires careful monitoring for side effects.

Targeting the skin's endocannabinoid system could help treat skin disorders.

Both vitiligo and alopecia areata involve an immune response triggered by stress and specific genes, with treatments targeting this pathway showing potential.

Janus kinase inhibitors are promising drugs for treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

Short-chain fatty acids from *Cutibacterium acnes* cause skin inflammation, contributing to acne.

Korean Red Ginseng has beneficial components that help with stress, immunity, fatigue, memory, blood flow, and disease protection.

Tissue-resident memory T cells can protect against infections and cancer but may also contribute to autoimmune diseases.

Both ruxolitinib and tofacitinib are effective and safe for treating severe alopecia areata, but relapses are common.

Some systemic treatments work for nail psoriasis but can have serious side effects.