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    Did you mean Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis?
    Glossary Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis

    regulates stress response through hormone release from brain and adrenal glands

    The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis is a complex network involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands, which work together to regulate the body's response to stress. When you encounter stress, the hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), prompting the pituitary gland to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which in turn stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol, a key stress hormone. This system plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and can impact various bodily functions, including immune response and metabolism.

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    1. Sex differences in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis’ response to stress: an important role for gonadal hormones Neuropsychopharmacology · 2019 · 197 citations
    2. Alopecia areata – hyperactivity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis is a myth? Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · 2017 · 5 citations
    3. Allopregnanolone (AP) induces opioid inhibition of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses to interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in pregnancy Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · 2005 · 1 citations
    4. The local hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in cultured human dermal papilla cells BMC Molecular and Cell Biology · 2020 · 9 citations
    5. Qiviut cortisol reflects hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity in muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) General and comparative endocrinology · 2021 · 7 citations
    6. Involvement of the central hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in hair growth and melanogenesis among different mouse strains PLoS ONE · 2018 · 6 citations
    7. Involvement of neurosteroids in the control of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in pregnant sheep under basal and stressful conditions Theriogenology · 2021 · 4 citations
    8. Hyposecretion of the adrenal androgen dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) in the majority of the alopecia areata patients: Is it a primitive and pathogenic perturbation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis? International journal of trichology · 2011 · 3 citations
    9. Localized alopecia and suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in dogs following treatment with difluprednate 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion (Durezol®) BMC veterinary research · 2021 · 2 citations
    10. Correlation Analysis of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Hormone Levels in Hair before Stroke Onset and Mood Disorders after Stroke Rehabilitation Medicine · 2024 · 1 citations
    11. SUN-439 Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Disruption from Unregulated Glucocorticoid Use: A Case Series Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2025
    12. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, hair, and sebum: Stress-mediated dermatologic disasters of the pandemic era Cosmoderma · 2025
    13. The local hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in cultured human dermal papilla cells Research Square (Research Square) · 2020
    14. The local hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in cultured human dermal papilla cells Research Square (Research Square) · 2020
    15. Human hair follicles display a functional equivalent of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis and synthesize cortisol The FASEB Journal · 2005 · 489 citations
    16. Central 5-alpha reduction of testosterone is required for testosterone's inhibition of the hypothalamo-pituitary–adrenal axis response to restraint stress in adult male rats Brain Research · 2013 · 51 citations
    17. New effects of caffeine on corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH)‐induced stress along the intrafollicular classical hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis (CRH‐R1/2, IP<sub>3</sub>‐R, ACTH, MC‐R2) and the neurogenic non‐HPA axis (substance P, p75<sup>NTR</sup>and TrkA) in<i>ex vivo</i>human male androgenetic scalp hair follicles British Journal of Dermatology · 2020 · 12 citations
    18. The human hair follicle has established a fully functional peripheral equivalent of the hypothamalic‐pituitary‐adrenal‐axis (HPA) Experimental Dermatology · 2005 · 9 citations
    19. Faculty Opinions recommendation of Hair cortisol levels as a retrospective marker of hypothalamic-pituitary axis activity throughout pregnancy: comparison to salivary cortisol. Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · 2011
    20. VİTİLİGOLU HASTALARDA HİPOTALAMO-HİPOFİZER-ADRENAL AKSIN VE HASTALIĞIN TUTULUMU İLE SÜRESİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ DergiPark (Istanbul University) · 2015
    21. Relação entre alopecia, estresse crônico e alterações no eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal: uma revisão integrativa de literatura Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences · 2026
    22. HPA axis stress reactivity and hair cortisol concentrations in recently detoxified alcoholics and healthy controls with and without childhood maltreatment Addiction Biology · 2018 · 24 citations
    23. Management Approaches to Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in Adolescents and Adults; Latest Therapeutic Developments InTech eBooks · 2011 · 7 citations
    24. Studies on changes in the concentration of serum adrenal androgens in pubertal twins European Journal of Endocrinology · 1980 · 30 citations
    25. Ovarian hormones and adrenal androgens during a woman's life span Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology · 2001 · 24 citations
    26. Hair loss and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity in captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). PubMed · 2014 · 28 citations
    27. Corticotropin releasing hormone and the skin Frontiers in bioscience · 2006 · 137 citations
    28. Targeting the pre-receptor metabolism of cortisol as a novel therapy in obesity and diabetes The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · 2010 · 70 citations
    29. Pathways to inflammation: acne pathophysiology European Journal of Dermatology · 2011 · 68 citations
    30. The Steroidogenesis Inhibitor Finasteride Reduces the Response to Both Stressful and Rewarding Stimuli Biomolecules · 2019 · 20 citations