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Glossary Hypothalamus

small brain region regulating hormones and homeostasis

The hypothalamus is a small but crucial part of the brain located just below the thalamus. It plays a key role in regulating various bodily functions, including temperature control, hunger, thirst, sleep, and emotional activity. It also links the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, thereby influencing hormone release and maintaining homeostasis.

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research Sex differences in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis’ response to stress: an important role for gonadal hormones

197 citations , January 2019 in “Neuropsychopharmacology”

This review discusses sex differences in the neuroendocrine response to stress, focusing primarily on rodent studies, and highlights open questions about the roles of gonadal hormones and sex chromosomes.

research Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis Hormones Stimulate Mitochondrial Function and Biogenesis in Human Hair Follicles

95 citations , August 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

HPT axis hormones boost mitochondrial function and growth in hair follicles, potentially aiding hair health.

research Physiology of the Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal Axis in the Male

70 citations , March 2016 in “Urologic Clinics of North America”

This article reviews the coordination of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, male fertility, and therapies for hypogonadism, but reports no new clinical findings.

research Food Deprivation-induced Expression of Minoxidil Sulfotransferase in the Hypothalamus Uncovered by Microarray Analysis

36 citations , March 2002 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

Food deprivation increases MST enzyme in the brain, possibly affecting energy balance.

research Where Have the Periods Gone? The Evaluation and Management of Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea

18 citations , January 2020 in “Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology”

This review discusses the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea in adolescent girls and reports no new clinical results.

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