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Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

The skin has a complex immune system that is essential for protection and healing, requiring more research for better wound treatment.

Wnt1/βcatenin signaling is crucial for heart repair after injury.

Hair growth and pigmentation in mice involve specific stages crucial for research.

Understanding where cancer cells come from helps create better prevention and treatment methods.

Mice lacking the PPARγ gene in their fat cells had almost no fat tissue, severe metabolic problems, and abnormal development of other fat-related tissues.

The document concludes that the 5 alpha-reductase enzymes are important in steroid metabolism and related to various human diseases, with inhibitors used to treat conditions like male pattern baldness and prostate issues.

Overexpression of activin A in mice skin causes skin thickening, fibrosis, and improved wound healing.

Different animals have unique versions of the enzyme that changes testosterone into another hormone, which is important for creating effective treatments for prostate and hair loss conditions.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate and may help with baldness, but effects on sexual function and male fetuses are unclear.

Blocking COX, especially COX-2, in the skin can reduce inflammation and pain and may help prevent skin cancer.

Dermatoscopy and videodermatoscopy are useful for diagnosing and monitoring various skin, hair, and nail conditions.

Superficial granulomatous pyoderma is a unique, mild form of skin disease that often heals without strong medication and responds well to milder treatments.

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is a genetic disorder with two forms, causing symptoms like early puberty and severe acne, but can be identified through screening and treated with glucocorticoids.

Cathepsin L is essential for normal hair growth and development.

Modulating BMP activity changes the number, size, shape, and type of ectodermal organs.

Finasteride may help some male chronic pelvic pain patients, but more research needed.

Normal skin cell renewal doesn't need RAR signaling, but vitamin A-related skin thickening does.

The article concludes that the wool follicle is a valuable model for studying tissue interactions and has potential for genetic improvements in wool production.

Wnt and Notch signaling help wound healing by promoting cell growth and regulating cell differentiation.

Psoriasis skin changes are complex and might need several biopsies for a clear diagnosis.

Too much Smad7 can cause serious changes in skin tissues, including problems with hair growth, thymus shrinkage, and eye development issues.

Understanding the mouse hair cycle is crucial for cancer research.

Dihydrotestosterone gel improved well-being and sexual function in older men without negatively affecting prostate health.

Using platelet-rich plasma with microneedling works better for acne scars than microneedling with water.

5α-reductase is essential for male sexual development and its inhibitors have potential in treating various conditions related to hormone action.

The sebaceous gland has more roles than just producing sebum and contributing to acne, and new research could lead to better skin disease treatments.

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway helps tissue regeneration but can also cause fibrosis, and drugs that inhibit this pathway may aid in healing skin and heart tissues.

5α‐reductase isozymes are crucial for prostate development and health, and targeting them can help prevent and treat prostate issues.

Women with PCOS may take longer to get pregnant but can have a normal family size, and should manage their overall health to reduce long-term health risks.