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Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.

Human scalp hair follicles can produce hormones and have a system similar to a brain-body communication network.

Hormones and stretching both needed for nipple area skin growth in mice.

TNFα, IFNγ, and Substance P significantly affect prolactin levels in human skin, suggesting new treatments for skin and hair conditions.

Uterine transplants for transgender women are feasible but need more research.

Breast cancer treatments work better with AR activation, improving results and reducing side effects.

The compound 16 from the Merremia peltata plant could potentially be a good treatment for hair loss (alopecia) due to its strong activity and favorable skin absorption.

Thyroid disease can cause skin, hair, and nail problems, and treating the thyroid condition often improves these symptoms.

New tools show that in fish, NPY increases feeding and somatostatin decreases it.

Certain gene variations and different levels of BDNF and CRH hormones are linked to vitiligo.

Some lesser-known causes of PCOS include autoimmune issues, genetic mutations, and changes in the body's microbiome.

Low zinc and selenium levels in sheep are linked to hair loss and thyroid problems.

Hormones like androgens, estrogen, thyroid hormones, and stress hormones can contribute to hair loss, and treatments target these hormonal imbalances.

New treatments are needed for PCOS that target its genetic, hormonal, and metabolic causes.

Stress may contribute to hair loss in alopecia areata by affecting immune responses and cell death in hair follicles.

Researchers found genes that may explain why some pigs grow winter hair, which could help breed cold-resistant pigs.

Levothyroxine is less effective in men with early-onset male-pattern baldness.

Key proteins and pathways regulate wool fiber diameter in Alpine Merino sheep.

Letrozole reduces seizures but not brain damage in mice.

Non-hormonal treatments should be used first for sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal breast cancer patients on aromatase inhibitors, with hormones as a second option.

The JAK/STAT pathway is important in cell processes and disease, and JAK inhibitors are promising for treating related conditions.

The document concludes that understanding and managing hair loss in cancer patients is important, and more research is needed for better treatments.

PCOS causes infertility mainly due to hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation.

Endocannabinoids help control mast cell activity in human skin.

Microglia, the brain's immune cells, may contribute to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) by altering the female brain's structure and function, with kisspeptin neurons and GABA neurotransmitters also playing a role.

Selenium might help with insulin resistance and cholesterol in PCOS, but more research is needed to confirm its benefits.

Genetic screening is crucial for accurately diagnosing APS-1 due to its varied symptoms.

Too much androgen can cause hair loss; finasteride may help.

PSA levels could help detect illegal steroid use in female athletes but face challenges like cost and PCOS prevalence.

Androgens, like DHT, affect hair growth and treatments like finasteride may help.