This study found that cutaneous manifestations such as hirsutism, acne, and acanthosis nigricans in women with PCOS correlate significantly with hormonal imbalances and insulin resistance.
May 2026 in “Endocrine Connections” This review posits that alopecia in PCOS results from the interaction between local follicular signaling failures, insulin resistance, inflammation, and genetic predispositions, rather than solely from androgen excess, and recommends a systems-level framework for its management.
January 2026 in “Research Square (Research Square)” This systematic review reports that HAIR-AN syndrome, characterized by severe insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and distinctive skin issues, significantly impacts obese women and can improve with treatments like metformin, emphasizing the importance of targeted management to reduce metabolic complications.
1 citations
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September 2020 in “Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports” This case report describes a woman with hypertension, alopecia, and other symptoms, revealing that her condition was due to ovarian hyperthecosis, highlighting the overlap of adrenal and ovarian disorders.
85 citations
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June 2008 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” This article proposes a hypothesis that hyperandrogenemia is the final common pathway for developing adolescent PCOS and emphasizes the importance of reducing androgen levels to mitigate risks of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and infertility in adulthood.
21 citations
,
August 2016 in “Translational Andrology and Urology” This review discusses the pathophysiology of delayed ejaculation, highlighting the role of various biogenic and psychogenic factors, but reports no new clinical findings.
7 citations
,
January 2024 in “Medicinska istrazivanja” This review outlines the complexities and varied manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome, highlighting challenges in diagnosis and management but reports no new clinical findings.
9 citations
,
December 2024 in “Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology” This review examines the impact of polycystic ovary syndrome on reproductive health, its pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and emerging therapies, and reports no new findings; the authors emphasize the need for individualized treatment strategies.
25 citations
,
June 2017 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” This study found that humanized mouse models expressing mutated or reduced levels of the vitamin D receptor were able to maintain normal mineral homeostasis and prevent typical symptoms of vitamin D resistance.
17 citations
,
November 2000 in “Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association” This review discusses the perimenopause, its symptoms, and management options, emphasizing the role of pharmacists in educating and advising women on treatment strategies and preventive health measures, but it reports no new results.
January 2026 in “International Journal of Gynaecology Sciences” This review discusses the proposal to rename Polycystic Ovary Syndrome as PolyMetabolic Ovarian Syndrome and reports no new clinical results, highlighting diagnostic misconceptions and the importance of personalized management.
June 2023 in “Journal of multidisciplinary sciences” This review examines the potential link between polycystic ovary syndrome and reproductive cancers, highlighting possible underlying causes as well as the ongoing debate over the cancer risk in these patients.
62 citations
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April 2016 in “Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology” This review discusses the need to update the Rotterdam diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovarian syndrome, highlighting issues with current definitions and proposing new markers like serum anti-Müllerian hormone, but reports no new clinical results.
23 citations
,
February 2021 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” This review discusses the impact of COVID-19 on the endocrine system and reports no clinical results; the authors emphasize the need to investigate endocrine damage during and after COVID-19 infection.
17 citations
,
September 2017 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” In this study of women with PCOS, hirsutism strongly correlated with metabolic abnormalities, while acne and androgenic alopecia were not clear markers of biochemical hyperandrogenemia or metabolic dysfunction.
8 citations
,
February 2017 in “Clinical Drug Investigation” This paper discusses the adverse effects of finasteride, including sexual dysfunction and depression, and suggests that treatment customization based on individual factors like hand preference and sexual orientation could improve outcomes and reduce these side effects.
8 citations
,
January 1986 in “Journal of hepatology” This study suggests that hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic men is associated with altered sex-steroid metabolism, indicated by lower testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone levels compared to cirrhosis alone.
4 citations
,
June 2023 in “Frontiers in Aging” This scoping review evaluates the connection between hypoxia and declining sex hormonal signaling in middle-aged individuals, proposing a "middle-aging hypovascularity hypoxia hypothesis" as a potential mechanism influencing age-related diseases, with implications for developing strategies to maintain healthspan.
3 citations
,
February 2017 in “Archives of Medical Science” This study found that finasteride treatment in male rats may lead to changes in connexin 43 expression in the testes of their offspring, potentially affecting spermatogenesis.
1 citations
,
August 2021 in “Arhivʺ vnutrennej mediciny” This review discusses the role of hormones and other factors in the development of alopecia linked to endocrine disorders, but reports no new clinical results, emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach.
1 citations
,
April 2010 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” This review discusses the psychosocial impact of polycystic ovary syndrome on women's quality of life and highlights the need for multidisciplinary care, but it reports no new clinical results.
This review reports that 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, used to treat androgenic alopecia, may adversely affect sperm count, sexual function, and hormones in a subset of patients.
January 2012 in “Medizinisch Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft eBooks” The book provides a guide on men's health, covering both new and traditional issues, and emphasizes a multifaceted approach to understanding and addressing these problems.
69 citations
,
February 1983 in “Gut” This study found that untreated men with coeliac disease exhibited androgen resistance, potentially linked to sexual dysfunction, which improved as intestinal health improved, a pattern not observed in other chronic illnesses.
26 citations
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January 2020 in “Przegląd Menopauzalny” This review discusses the role of androgens in menopausal women's health, highlighting symptoms of both hyperandrogenemia and androgen deficiency, but reports no clinical results.
This source explains that Equine Cushing’s disease, or PPID, in horses is due to the degeneration of brain cells producing dopamine, leading to elevated cortisol levels and characteristic symptoms; it outlines diagnosis methods and emphasizes life-long pergolide treatment to manage the condition.
This study observed that women with polycystic ovary syndrome showed hormonal changes and higher post-meal lipemia compared to healthy controls, alongside endothelial dysfunction potentially detectable before insulin resistance.
44 citations
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September 2020 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This review discusses the disruption of hormonal and metabolic rhythms in polycystic ovary syndrome and explores potential drug targets to address its molecular causes, without providing new clinical results.
7 citations
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October 2024 in “Livers” This review highlights the connection between sex hormones and metabolic dysfunction, emphasizing how conditions like male hypogonadism and female hyperandrogenism can increase the risk and severity of hepatic steatosis, which often progresses alongside metabolic syndrome and elevates mortality risks.
March 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This source establishes prior art for treating androgenic alopecia and sexual dysfunction by restoring gap-junction-mediated connectivity in tissue networks, highlighting a mechanism independent of commonly targeted pathways.