10 citations,
January 2010 in “International journal of trichology” Keratin-associated proteins are part of the developing hair fiber cuticle.
3 citations,
July 2003 in “PubMed” The research found a way to measure hair surface changes by analyzing how light reflects off of it, and determined hair cuticle angles vary by hair length and color.
15 citations,
July 2004 in “Journal of morphology” Monotreme hair structure and protein distribution are similar to other mammals, but their inner root sheath cornifies differently, suggesting a unique evolution from reptile skin.
7 citations,
December 2011 in “Annals of anatomy” Involucrin helps strengthen the inner parts of human hair.
17 citations,
June 2012 in “Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution” Hair in mammals likely evolved from glandular structures, not scales.
71 citations,
August 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings” Hair keratin-associated proteins are essential for strong hair, with over 80 genes showing specific patterns and variations among people.
67 citations,
December 1990 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” Researchers found genes for cysteine-rich proteins that form the protective layer of hair in humans and sheep.
32 citations,
February 1998 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Two specific hair keratin genes are active during hair growth and decline as hair transitions to rest.
Understanding hair surface properties is key for effective hair care products.
11 citations,
June 2022 in “Frontiers in immunology” New protein changes may be involved in the immune attack on hair follicles in alopecia areata.
3 citations,
January 2021 in “Wear” Hair's resistance to wear varies by ethnicity and treatment, with less wear indicating stronger hair.
90 citations,
January 1979 in “International review of cytology” Wool follicles are complex, involving interactions between different cell types and structures.
62 citations,
December 2007 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” A specific chemical change in the S100A3 protein leads to the formation of a four-part structure important for hair formation.
August 2007 in “Microscopy and Microanalysis” Hair fibers break by cuticle cell slipping, shape changing, cuticle fraying, and surface cracking when stretched under specific conditions.
15 citations,
February 1999 in “The anatomical record” Some mutant mice have hair with abnormal cross-linking, mainly in the cuticle, not affecting other hair parts.
2 citations,
January 2004 in “PubMed” Conditioners with PQ-10 soften the flat part of hair cuticles but harden the edges.
February 1999 in “The anatomical record” Two mouse mutants have defective hair cuticle cross-linking.
13 citations,
January 2010 in “Advances in Biochemical Engineering / Biotechnology” Understanding hair biology is key to developing better treatments for hair and scalp issues.
5 citations,
May 2021 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Healthy scalp leads to better hair quality and less damage.
42 citations,
January 2011 in “Journal of Biomedical Optics” Infrared and Raman imaging can non-destructively analyze hair structure and help diagnose hair conditions.
34 citations,
October 1982 in “Journal of applied polymer science” Moisture content significantly affects how human hair breaks.
May 2024 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” KAP-depleted hair causes less immune response and is more biocompatible for implants.
81 citations,
December 2007 in “Acta materialia” AFM helped show how hair changes under tension and the effects of damage and conditioner.
2 citations,
October 2022 in “Journal of structural biology” Older thin hair is not just thinner but also has different shape, structure, and stiffness.
42 citations,
April 2008 in “Acta materialia” Different ethnicities and treatments affect human hair strength and structure.
4 citations,
August 2014 in “Journal of molecular structure” Chemical treatments on bleached black hair change its internal structure by breaking and reforming bonds, and treatments with hydrolyzed eggwhite protein help repair it.
8 citations,
January 1996 in “Springer eBooks” Male pattern baldness may be caused by factors like poor blood circulation, scalp tension, stress, and hormonal imbalances, but the exact causes are still unclear.
7 citations,
October 2019 in “Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology” Fusion proteins can protect hair from heat damage.
84 citations,
April 2015 in “Cosmetics” Hair dyes vary in how long they last and how deeply they penetrate hair.
19 citations,
July 1964 in “PubMed” Hair follicle cells become four types: medulla, cortex, cuticle, and inner root sheath.