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Melasma is a skin condition linked to female hormones, genetics, UV exposure, and certain medications, but not to pituitary, adrenal, or thyroid diseases.

Pregnancy can cause skin pigmentation, stretch marks, and changes in hair, nails, and sweat glands, with most resolving after birth.

Antiandrogens affect androgen-dependent body functions and are used for various medical conditions, with some risks like fetus feminization, but new forms like 17α-propylmesterolone show promise for acne without systemic effects.

Puberty often causes skin issues like acne and excessive sweating, and treatments require patience as results may vary.

19.7% of Afro-Caribbean women in Tobago have PCOS.

Obesity worsens PCOS symptoms, and PCOS may lead to more weight gain; managing both requires a holistic approach that includes mental health.

Minoxidil helps prevent stress-caused hair loss in mice.

5α-Reductase inhibitors can help treat hair loss, acne, and prostate issues by reducing DHT levels.

Flutamide works better than finasteride for hirsutism, and combining both is slightly better but not much.

Effective treatments for spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy are not yet available; more research is needed.

Three to five ovarian punctures are best for improving fertility in women with PCOS without harming the ovaries.

The spiny mouse is a unique menstruating rodent that can help us understand menstruation and reproductive disorders.

Nitric Oxide has potential in medicine, especially for infections and heart treatments, but its short life and delivery challenges limit its use.

The document concludes that managing PCOS involves lifestyle changes, medication, and monitoring for associated health risks.

Testosterone therapy can improve sexual desire and function in postmenopausal women but should be used cautiously and not based solely on testosterone levels.

Melatonin implants can change the seasonal prolactin levels and hair growth in adult cashmere goats but not in juveniles, and don't delay spring moult for better fiber harvesting.

High doses of certain vitamins can cause serious side effects and health risks.

Combining yoga and certain herbs can effectively manage PCOS symptoms and improve quality of life.

Women with early-onset baldness should be checked for early bone loss, but bone density doesn't change with baldness severity.

Finasteride affects prostate weights and pituitary activity differently with age.

Gastric bypass surgery improved a woman's hormonal disorder without the need for medication.

Autism's genetics are linked with early age of puberty and less hair loss, but not with hormone levels or polycystic ovary syndrome.

Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome can cause writer's cramp and other varied symptoms, highlighting the importance of genetic testing for diagnosis.

Pre-operative hormone treatment for hypospadias surgery might improve outcomes, but more research is needed to confirm.

Metformin improves menstrual cycles and hormone levels in women with PCOS, mostly within the first 6 months.

Acne is common in women, often hormone-related, negatively affects quality of life, and requires various treatments.

The conclusion is that a thorough approach is needed to diagnose and manage hyperandrogenism in teenage girls, recognizing its major psychological and health effects.

The man's fatigue and erectile dysfunction were improved by treating his obesity-related low testosterone without needing testosterone replacement.

5α-Reductase inhibitors do not consistently increase testosterone levels in the blood.

17α-estradiol is a safe estrogen that might protect the brain and doesn't cause feminization, needing more research for treating brain diseases.