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Genetic defects in testosterone production can cause hormonal and developmental disorders, and more research is needed to understand androgen regulation and develop safer treatments.

Different substances that activate or block the androgen receptor can affect male development and treat conditions like prostate cancer.

Antiandrogens and androgen inhibitors like spironolactone, finasteride, and dutasteride can treat hair loss and skin conditions, but they have risks and side effects, including potential harm to pregnant women and risks of cancer and heart issues. Herbal remedies also have antiandrogenic effects but lack safety validation.

Genetic mutations can affect female sexual development, requiring personalized medical care.

Hormonal treatments can help with hair loss, acne, and excess hair growth, but it takes 3-6 months to see results and patients should know the possible side effects.

The vitamin D receptor is crucial for bone health and affects various body systems, with mutations potentially leading to disease.

Flutamide is more effective and has fewer side effects than spironolactone for treating hirsutism.

5α-reductase is essential for male sexual development and its inhibitors have potential in treating various conditions related to hormone action.

Androgens cause skin issues like acne and hair growth in women, often due to PCOS, and can be treated with medication and lifestyle changes.

Impaired androgen production in 46,XY DSDs causes ambiguous genitalia and requires long-term care.

Arachidonic acid helps hair grow by increasing growth factors and improving follicle health.

Post-finasteride syndrome causes lasting sexual, neurological, and physical side effects in some people after taking finasteride.

Lack or blocking of SRD5a, a key component in hormone creation, can lead to conditions like pseudohermaphrodism and affect hair growth, bone mass, muscle strength, and reproductive health. More research is needed on its regulation from fertilization to adulthood.

Finasteride and dutasteride reduce neurosteroid production, possibly helping treat glioblastoma.

Post-finasteride patients show changes in gut bacteria, possibly causing various symptoms.

The conclusion is that young women with excessive hair growth should be quickly tested for hormonal issues and treated to improve their social well-being.

Minocycline may cause hair loss by increasing DHT levels, but finasteride can help counteract this effect.

Pregnancy with Cushing's syndrome is rare and risky for both mother and baby, needing early diagnosis and treatment.

Finger length ratio may indicate male hair loss.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

Cats lose fur due to various reasons, including allergies, infections, genetics, hormones, diet, cancer, stress, and some conditions are treatable while others are not.

Get head MRI for babies with achondroplasia early, use free immunoglobulin light chains to detect certain neurodevelopmental disorders, and video calls work for speech therapy in patients with facial anomalies.

Managing metabolic syndrome needs both lifestyle changes and medical treatments.

Melatonin affects many body functions beyond sleep by interacting with specific receptors in various tissues.

The enzyme steroid sulfatase is linked to breast cancer and other conditions, and inhibitors are being developed for treatment.

Myo-inositol supplements may improve insulin sensitivity and help with conditions like PCOS and gestational diabetes, but more research is needed.

Human skin makes sexual hormones that affect hair growth, skin health, and healing; too much can cause acne and hair loss, while treatments can manage these conditions.

The document concludes that the understanding of scar formation is incomplete and current prevention and treatment for hypertrophic scars and keloids are not fully effective.

Insulin resistance and obesity are key factors in the development and worsening of polycystic ovary syndrome, and lifestyle changes are important for managing it.

Minoxidil and finasteride treat hair loss in men, while minoxidil treats hair loss in women.