23 citations,
June 2012 in “PLOS ONE” KLF4 is important for maintaining skin stem cells and helps heal wounds.
16 citations,
January 2003 in “Nuclear Receptor Signaling” Androgens and SARMs play a role in body mass, frailty, skin health, and hair growth, and are used in treating prostate cancer, acne, and hair loss, with potential for new uses and improved versions in the future.
60 citations,
April 2010 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology” Fadrozole and finasteride change gene expression related to sex hormones and thyroid hormones in frog larvae development.
41 citations,
June 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Beard and scalp hair cells have different gene expressions, which may affect beard growth characteristics.
40 citations,
November 2009 in “Experimental Dermatology” The mineralocorticoid receptor may play a role in skin and hair health and could be a new target for treating related disorders.
39 citations,
December 2001 in “JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute” Using a gene therapy with the Sonic Hedgehog gene helps mice regrow hair faster after losing it from chemotherapy.
23 citations,
January 2021 in “Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy” DHT stops hair regrowth in mice, similar to human hair loss.
23 citations,
January 2014 in “International Journal of Biological Sciences” African American men with prostate cancer have more androgen receptor mutations, which may lead to more aggressive cancer compared to Caucasian American men.
510 citations,
August 2006 in “Endocrinology” The vitamin D receptor is involved in multiple body functions beyond calcium regulation, including immune response and rapid reactions not related to gene activity.
31 citations,
July 2004 in “Molecular Medicine” Certain defective glucocorticoid receptor mutants move faster inside cell nuclei and work less effectively.
25 citations,
July 2013 in “Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry” Spironolactone harms fish reproduction and is more potent in fish than invertebrates, needing environmental monitoring.
24 citations,
July 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Men with hair loss have more DNA changes in back-of-head hair follicles, possibly protecting them from thinning.
18 citations,
January 2001 in “Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry” Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) are drugs that can control the effects of androgens in different tissues, potentially having fewer side effects and promising for treating various conditions.
6 citations,
January 2010 in “Springer eBooks” SA linked to mitochondrial issues and oxidative stress, while AGA involves disrupted hair growth genes.
3 citations,
December 2016 in “Journal of epidemiological research” Estrogen and androgenic hair increase melanoma risk, especially in European-ancestry individuals.
2 citations,
November 2017 in “Elsevier eBooks” Different substances that activate or block the androgen receptor can affect male development and treat conditions like prostate cancer.
48 citations,
February 2013 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” The protein StAR is found in 17 different organs and can affect hair loss and brain functions, but its full role is not yet fully understood.
5 citations,
October 2018 in “Sains Malaysiana” Testosterone reduces key molecules needed for early pregnancy in rats.
The vitamin D receptor has many roles in the body beyond managing calcium, affecting the immune system, hair growth, muscles, fat, bone marrow, and cancer cells.
25 citations,
March 2017 in “Steroids” Allopregnanolone increases growth and changes gene activity in human brain cancer cells.
9 citations,
January 2005 in “Experimental dermatology” Melatonin receptors in hair follicles help regulate hair growth and could treat hair loss.
1 citations,
March 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” NAC1 controls certain enzymes that reduce root hair growth in Arabidopsis.
April 2024 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” GRK2 is essential for healthy hair follicle function, and its absence can lead to hair loss and cysts.
26 citations,
February 2009 in “Drug Development Research” 17α-estradiol is a safe estrogen that might protect the brain and doesn't cause feminization, needing more research for treating brain diseases.
15 citations,
January 1995 in “Archives of dermatological research” OCT binds strongly to hair sheath cells and may affect skin and hair growth with fewer side effects than vitamin D3.
18 citations,
March 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Estrogen increases blood vessel growth factor production, while testosterone blocks this increase.
32 citations,
January 2018 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” Hormone therapy affects hair growth in transgender individuals, with testosterone potentially causing hair loss in trans men and estrogen reducing facial/body hair in trans women; treatment options vary.
138 citations,
May 2000 in “Maturitas” Estrogen replacement can improve skin health in menopausal women but doesn't reverse sun damage or prevent hair loss.
137 citations,
June 2005 in “Climacteric” Estrogen loss during menopause worsens skin health, but hormone replacement therapy may improve it, though more research is needed.
77 citations,
July 2013 in “Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology” Menopause reduces skin collagen and elasticity, and while estrogen therapy can help, its risks require careful consideration.