198 citations,
July 2011 in “Cochrane library” Lifestyle changes can improve body composition, excess male hormone levels, and insulin resistance in women with PCOS.
130 citations,
June 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Estrogen Receptor ß (ERß) is the main hormone controller in human skin and hair follicles, not Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) or the Androgen Receptor (AR).
113 citations,
April 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Cyproterone acetate-estrogen most effective for hirsutism, but consider side effects and patient needs.
93 citations,
June 2001 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Certain genetic variations in the AR and ERβ genes can affect androgen levels in women.
71 citations,
August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.
48 citations,
February 2008 in “Nutrition in Clinical Practice” Dietary changes, including weight loss and a balanced diet, are important for managing PCOS, especially in overweight women.
41 citations,
October 2017 in “International Journal of Women's Dermatology” Most pregnant women experience skin darkening and hair changes, with these effects usually going away after giving birth.
38 citations,
December 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Menopause-related hormonal changes affect hair but are not the only cause of hair changes in middle-aged women.
34 citations,
May 2013 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Hair growth slows and shedding increases after childbirth, but most women don't experience excessive hair loss.
26 citations,
January 2020 in “Przegląd Menopauzalny” Menopausal women have higher androgen levels, which can cause symptoms like facial hair growth and low sexual desire.
23 citations,
September 2015 in “International Journal of Molecular Medicine” Activating ER-β, not ER-α, improves skin cell growth and wound healing.
23 citations,
April 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” All treatments reduce hair growth; low dose flutamide most effective with fewer side effects.
22 citations,
March 2004 in “Dermatology” Topical estrogen helps hair growth in menopausal women with no major side effects.
19 citations,
March 1998 in “Endocrinology” Male rats have more somatostatin neurons than females due to testosterone converting to estrogen during early development.
16 citations,
May 2019 in “International Journal of Women's Dermatology” The new FDA labeling rules provide more detailed drug safety information for pregnant and breastfeeding women, but more data is needed on the risks of many dermatologic drugs.
3 citations,
December 2016 in “Journal of epidemiological research” Estrogen and androgenic hair increase melanoma risk, especially in European-ancestry individuals.
August 2024 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Using 5-alpha reductase inhibitors may lower the risk of breast cancer in females.
July 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” Some drugs can cause reversible hair loss, but certain chemotherapy drugs may lead to permanent hair loss; drugs can also change hair color and texture.
August 2013 in “Fertility and Sterility” PCOS may be influenced by factors in the blood, not just the ovaries.
December 2012 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Estrogen increases a growth factor in hair cells which might affect hair loss.
August 2009 in “International Journal of Dermatology” A postmenopausal woman's facial redness, acne, and excess hair were caused by too much hormone therapy for insomnia, but improved after stopping the treatment.
141 citations,
January 1984 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Pregnancy can cause skin darkening, varicose veins, more sweating, hair growth, hair loss after birth, nail changes, and gum inflammation.
37 citations,
June 2011 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry” Androgen is important in controlling stem cell differentiation, reducing fat development, and increasing lean mass.
14 citations,
December 2020 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Aging causes changes in the scalp that can affect hair growth and lead to older-looking hair in women.
12 citations,
May 2015 in “Molecular Medicine Reports” Troxerutin helps protect skin cells from oxidative stress and may be good for treating hair loss.
10 citations,
August 2014 in “Skin research and technology” Sleep, testosterone levels, and a specific enzyme activity affect skin oil production in women.
4 citations,
January 2015 in “Journal of microbial & biochemical technology” Biotin helps regulate proteins in the blood, which may explain its role in hair growth.
1 citations,
September 2017 in “Frontiers in Laboratory Medicine” Gut flora changes could potentially indicate depression, but more research is needed.
January 2023 in “Zdravstvena zaštita” Aging-related hormone changes affect voice quality, especially during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause.
39 citations,
August 2004 in “International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics” Finasteride and CPA-EE2 equally reduce hirsutism, but affect hormone levels differently.