11 citations
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September 2021 in “Journal of molecular endocrinology” This review discusses differences in ERβ signaling between rodents and humans and reports no new clinical results; the authors highlight the need for further research in humans before using ERβ agonists clinically.
April 2026 in “microPublication” In this study, researchers explored whether minoxidil, a common treatment for androgenetic alopecia, may have estrogenic activity and found preliminary evidence suggesting it could act as a partial agonist of Estrogen Receptor α (ERα).
23 citations
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September 2015 in “International Journal of Molecular Medicine” This study found that the activation of ER‑β increased keratinocyte proliferation and gene expression related to epidermal regeneration, enhancing wound healing in both cell models and rats.
72 citations
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November 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Estrogen receptor α controls hair growth cycles and skin thickness in male mice.
2 citations
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January 2019 Hormonal contraceptives and therapies regulate organ functions and treat various conditions.
92 citations
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February 2005 in “Endocrinology” This study found that estrogen receptor beta plays a significant role in murine hair growth control, potentially acting as a silencer of estrogen receptor alpha's catagen-promoting effects.
4 citations
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October 2007 in “Dermatologic Clinics” This review discusses the roles of glucocorticoid and sex hormone receptors in the skin and their clinical importance, but reports no new research findings.
29 citations
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October 2020 in “Environmental health perspectives” This study found that several preservatives, including triclocarban and triclosan, showed potential endocrine-disrupting effects on various nuclear receptors in both in silico and in vitro models.
3 citations
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February 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Ch55 may help reduce skin scarring and fibrosis.
4 citations
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September 2025 in “Biomolecules” This narrative review discusses the mixed and evolving evidence regarding glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and their influence on erectile dysfunction in men with type 2 diabetes and obesity, highlighting potential benefits and concerns yet to be clarified.
April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that topical phenylephrine, an α1-AR agonist, significantly reduced hair shedding and increased epilation force threshold in women experiencing traction alopecia during cosmetic procedures.
April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study identified mefloquine as a potent inducer of lethal ER stress that effectively eliminated vemurafenib-resistant and sensitive melanoma cells, suggesting its potential for repurposing as a melanoma treatment.
25 citations
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July 2013 in “Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry” This study found that spironolactone reduced fish fecundity and caused masculinization of females at certain concentrations, while having no effect on Daphnia magna reproduction, underscoring concerns for environmental exposure to vertebrates.
September 2025 in “Cureus” This review suggests that GLP-1 receptor agonists may improve various dermatologic conditions, but larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
82 citations
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February 1989 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” This study found that in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia, a 3-month treatment with a long-acting GnRH agonist significantly reduced intraprostatic DHT and 3α-diol levels by about 90% and testosterone by about 75%.
6 citations
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August 2019 in “PLOS ONE” The researchers reported that Gambogic Amide may prevent hair greying and promote hair growth by maintaining follicle pigmentation in vitro through activation and migration of melanocytes.
1 citations
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September 2025 in “Dermatology and Therapy” This review suggests that glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have potential benefits for dermatologic conditions but may also cause adverse skin reactions and impact surgical outcomes.
September 2025 in “Cureus” This systematic review found conflicting evidence on hair loss related to GLP-1 receptor agonists in adults with type 2 diabetes or obesity, with some studies noting hair regrowth and others reporting hair loss as a side effect. Further research is needed to understand this relationship.
3 citations
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July 2013 in “Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry” This study found that topically applied Chinese black tea extract, when fermented and combined with capsaicin, significantly promoted hair growth in mice, potentially involving estrogen receptor interactions.
July 2025 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” This study highlights the potential of GPR30 and its selective agonists as promising therapeutic targets for treating hair loss disorders and conditions that respond to estrogen, emphasizing their role in modulating hair growth.
February 2024 in “PloS one” This study found that certain nutraceuticals did not interfere with tamoxifen's inhibition of estrogen in breast cancer cells and may enhance its effects, suggesting potential as an adjuvant therapy for hair loss in patients undergoing endocrine therapy.
197 citations
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January 2019 in “Neuropsychopharmacology” This review discusses sex differences in the neuroendocrine response to stress, focusing primarily on rodent studies, and highlights open questions about the roles of gonadal hormones and sex chromosomes.
159 citations
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July 2006 in “Endocrine Reviews” This article discusses the influence of estrogens on hair follicle growth and metabolism, suggesting a significant role alongside androgens in hair growth control but reports no new clinical results.
116 citations
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May 1992 in “The American Journal of Medicine” This study found that flutamide-induced liver toxicity in prostate cancer patients was very rare, occurring in only 0.18% of cases with clinical manifestations, and symptoms resolved after discontinuing the drug.
93 citations
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June 2001 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This study found that serum androgen levels in premenopausal women may be influenced by genetic variants of the androgen receptor and estrogen receptor β genes.
68 citations
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April 2014 in “Journal of Molecular Endocrinology” This review summarizes existing knowledge on androgen receptor activity in breast cancer and reports no new clinical findings, with emphasis on therapies targeting androgen signaling in specific BC subtypes.
59 citations
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April 2016 in “Breast Cancer Research and Treatment” This study found that AR/VDR-targeted agonist hormone therapy can inhibit cell viability in HR2-av triple-negative breast cancer cell lines through multiple mechanisms and may enhance the effects of chemotherapy.
43 citations
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July 2013 in “Pharmacological reviews” This article reviews the pharmacology of bimatoprost and prostamide F2α, highlighting bimatoprost's therapeutic applications in glaucoma, hair growth, and potential fat reduction, without reporting new experimental results.
35 citations
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May 2020 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms, efficacy, and adverse reactions of drugs commonly used for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia but reports no new clinical results.
31 citations
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September 2014 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” This study found that Er–YAG laser treatment significantly enhanced skin absorption and follicular delivery of antialopecia drugs, suggesting a potential laser-assisted approach to treat alopecia.