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The document concludes that accurate diagnosis of male and female gonadal disorders is crucial for effective treatment and better patient outcomes.

Three siblings with a rare genetic condition had abnormal sexual development and chose different gender identities, needing surgery and therapy.

Disrupting β-catenin signaling in certain cells causes anorectal malformations.

The best method for urethral reconstruction is using hypoxia-preconditioned stem cells with autologous cells on a vascularized synthetic scaffold.

Two new mutations in the AR gene linked to severe androgen insensitivity were found.

Understanding how DHT works is important for diagnosing and treating hormone-related disorders.

Mouse genital development depends on male or female hormones for specific features.

Testosterone therapy helps boys with hormone deficiencies develop normal male characteristics and grow properly.

5 alpha-reductase inhibitors like finasteride may lower prostate cancer risk and improve cancer screening.

Penile strangulation from hair can cause severe harm but can be treated if caught early.

Men born very underweight had higher estrogen levels but normal reproduction compared to normal birth weight men.

Rare ULBP3 gene changes may raise the risk of Alopecia areata, a certain FAS gene deletion could cause a dysfunctional protein in an immune disorder, and having one copy of a specific genetic deletion is okay, but two copies cause sickle cell disease.

More research is needed to understand how testosterone is maintained in adult males.

Dermatoscopy is a useful tool for diagnosing hair disorders and can help choose samples for more detailed analysis.

Some skin diseases and their treatments can negatively affect male fertility.

5-alpha reductase deficiency leads to male sexual development issues and treatments like finasteride help with prostate enlargement and hair loss.

Group a wide range of chemicals, not just phthalates, for assessing risks to male reproductive health.

Use some skin medications with caution during pregnancy; avoid strong steroids, certain eczema treatments, and systemic retinoids, but many topical treatments and nasal sprays are safe.

Finasteride, when given in high oral doses to pregnant monkeys, caused genital abnormalities in male fetuses, but not in female fetuses or those exposed to intravenous finasteride.

Antiandrogens have important biological effects, but more research is needed to understand them fully and compare their effectiveness and side effects to other treatments.

Hormonal interactions, especially involving DHT and estrogen, play a key role in BPH development and treatment.

AGA treated with finasteride, minoxidil, and hair transplantation.

Mutations in the SRD5A3 gene cause a new type of glycosylation disorder by blocking the production of a molecule necessary for protein glycosylation.

Early diagnosis and individualized treatment improve outcomes for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is a genetic disorder with two forms, causing symptoms like early puberty and severe acne, but can be identified through screening and treated with glucocorticoids.

The document concludes that proper diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach are crucial for managing Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia effectively.

Mutations in the DSG4 gene can cause a rare hair disorder similar to monilethrix.

European guidelines recommend regular eye and ear exams, skin care, vitamin D supplements, and cautious use of medications for managing congenital ichthyoses.

Some children are born with unusually short, fine hair because their hair growth phase is short, but this often gets better by itself during puberty.