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This case report describes a 13-year-old with DSD raised as female, exhibiting hoarseness and clitoral enlargement, with hormonal assessments not indicating common related deficiencies.

This study suggests that androstendione and DHEA are useful indicators for diagnosing hyperandrogenemia in hirsute women, while DHEAS was not found to be helpful.

The book is a valuable reference on androgenic disorders for professionals but not suitable for laypeople or medical students.

This study developed a detailed classification system for functional androgenization in females that may enhance diagnosis and personalized treatment by identifying individual dysfunctions.

This review discusses the clinical features, genetics, and treatment of 21-hydroxylase deficiency, a common type of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and reports no new research findings.

This review discusses the fertility and pregnancy challenges faced by women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency and reports no new research findings.

This review discusses the evaluation, clinical presentation, and cutaneous manifestations of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, focusing on differential diagnosis challenges with polycystic ovary syndrome, and reports no new clinical findings.

This case report of a 17-year-old with salt-wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency found that increasing the mineralocorticoid dose relieved daily headaches and reduced salt cravings.

This article reviews congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a group of rare genetic disorders affecting steroid synthesis, and highlights the need for specific therapy and ongoing monitoring, but reports no new clinical findings.

To diagnose Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, two out of three signs—irregular periods, high male hormone levels, or cysts on the ovaries—are needed.

This review discusses diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome and highlights the challenges and risks of misdiagnosing women with other hyperandrogenism causes; it reports no clinical results.

This review discusses various treatment options for non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21α-hydroxylase and 11β-hydroxylase deficiencies without providing new clinical results.

This study found that the R257X mutation in the AIRE gene is prevalent among Russian patients with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1, particularly in those with hypoparathyroidism and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.

This article discusses the importance of recognizing and distinguishing polycystic ovary syndrome from similar endocrine disorders, and reports no new clinical results.

This review highlights that children with adrenal disorders may experience neurological and psychiatric symptoms, with potential long-term cognitive and behavioral effects from excess glucocorticoids.

This case report suggests that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass may improve symptoms of non-classic adrenal hyperplasia related to 11-hydroxylase deficiency by reducing insulin resistance.

This review examines hormonal influences on acne development and available hormonal therapies but reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses dermatologic signs in childhood endocrine disorders and highlights their importance in early diagnosis and treatment, but it reports no new clinical findings.

This review highlights the eye and skin manifestations of endocrine-related metabolic diseases but provides no new clinical results.

This chapter discusses common endocrine disorders affecting the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands, and their impact on human fertility, emphasizing practical evaluation and treatment algorithms.

This review elaborates on the concept of cutaneous mosaicism and its link to acneiform conditions, but it reports no new clinical results.

This paper reviews causes of hirsutism in women and emphasizes the importance of identifying underlying conditions for risk assessment, though it reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses the role of androgen hormones in the pathophysiology of childhood androgenetic alopecia and reports no clinical results.

This chapter reviews genetic defects in female sexual differentiation, focusing on 46,XX disorders of sex development and the impact of genetic factors and sex steroids on development, but reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses various skin lesions associated with endocrinologic disorders such as Cushing's syndrome and adrenal insufficiency, and it reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses the pathways of androgen biosynthesis and reports no new findings, highlighting the need to understand the interplay between the classic and backdoor pathways.

This article discusses the ongoing care needs for individuals with 21-hydroxylase deficiency due to mutations in the CYP21A2 gene but does not present new clinical findings.

This review discusses the challenges and complexities in diagnosing and managing acne and reports no new clinical findings; it emphasizes the need for careful evaluation to distinguish difficult acne from similar conditions.

This review summarizes existing research on how various endocrinopathies, including reproductive disorders and thyroid conditions, can affect vocal parameters, and reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses the causes and recommended clinical investigations for postmenopausal hyperandrogenism, highlighting the role of androgen excess in symptoms like hirsutism and its association with metabolic disorders.