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This study found that while a tip-focused calcium gradient influences localized growth in root hairs and pollen tubes, it is not the primary determinant of growth direction in root hairs of Arabidopsis thaliana.

This review discusses the potential roles of calcium in the regulation of pluripotent and tissue-specific stem cells but reports no new experimental results, highlighting areas for future research.

This study found that salinity stress in Arabidopsis thaliana root hairs may inhibit hair extension through changes in the tip-focused Ca(2+) gradient, while cytosolic pH remains unaffected.

This study concluded that CNGC14 is a calcium-permeable channel crucial for polarized tip growth in Arabidopsis root hairs, but other channels may also influence the observed calcium influx.

This study reviews the complex keratinization process in the epidermis, detailing how various factors regulate keratinocyte differentiation and emphasizing the importance of understanding this process for the pathogenesis of skin disorders like ichthyoses and psoriasis.

This study found that mice lacking the 1αOHase enzyme, which is responsible for producing a key vitamin D metabolite, showed impaired epidermal differentiation and delayed recovery of skin barrier function after disruption.

This article reviews methods for examining the localization and activity of ROP GTPase, cortical microtubule organization, and F-actin dynamics in plant cell models, but reports no new experimental results.

This study reports that the epidermis is both a source and target for vitamin D3's active form, influencing skin and hair follicle differentiation through a calcium-mediated pathway.

This study reports that in mice, CaR plays a critical role in sensing the epidermal Ca2+ gradient, influencing keratinocyte differentiation, and affecting epidermal development.

This review presents the practice of using hair bioelement analysis to assess nutritional status or environmental exposure, proposing complex interactions and hypotheses regarding depression and autism but reports no new clinical results.

In this study, researchers showed that the CAP1 gene regulates root hair growth in plants by modulating cytoplasmic ammonium levels and maintaining calcium gradients, highlighting its role in ammonium homeostasis.

This study found that a positive feedback loop involving RHD2, reactive oxygen species, and calcium ions helps maintain root hair growth sites and influences cell shape in Arabidopsis thaliana.

This study discovered that calcium dependent protein kinase 1 (CPK1) directly activates cyclic nucleotide-gated channels 5, 6, and 9, promoting root hair growth in Arabidopsis by regulating Ca²⁺ signaling.

This study found that an extracellular calcium binding site gradient exists in mouse vibrissa and human scalp follicles, but is not significantly affected by hair growth-altering drugs or epidermal growth factor.

This article reviews how calcium and reactive oxygen species gradients and oscillations interact to promote root hair cell expansion and reports no new experimental findings.

This study established an experimental model to visualize calcium ion distribution after skin barrier damage in canine epidermis, observing that calcium gradients changed differently depending on the type of damage and time elapsed.

In this study, researchers found that the expression of SLC1A6, a gene linked to calcium gradient and keratinocyte differentiation in the skin, significantly decreases with age, which may contribute to reduced skin barrier function in elderly individuals.

This study suggests that a tip-focused gradient of intracellular G-actin concentration at the apex is crucial for root hair growth, and maintaining this gradient requires high calcium levels at the root hair tips.

This review discusses the role of reactive oxygen species in regulating oscillating apoplastic pH gradients and growth in plant root hairs and pollen tubes, reporting no new experimental results.

In this study, researchers found that the morphology, composition, and elemental enrichment of domestic cat hairs vary significantly along their length, contributing to a functional gradient that affects mechanical properties and challenging assumptions of uniformity in hair structure.

In this study, researchers developed a method using stencils to create controlled stiffness gradients in alginate hydrogels, revealing that stiffer regions within the gels promote deeper invasion by breast cancer cells, facilitating the study of mechanosensitive cellular behaviors.

This study found that electron and proton microprobe analysis can reveal differences in element distribution within human hair and epidermis, although no significant water content differences were noted between atopic eczema and normal skin.

This study found that disrupting the microtubule cytoskeleton in Arabidopsis root hairs caused loss of growth directionality and suggested microtubules interact with calcium gradients to regulate apical growth stability.

This paper discusses how NADPH oxidase and phospholipase D are important for root hair growth, with reactive oxygen species from NADPH oxidase activating calcium ion channels in root hairs.

This study observed that extracellular ATP is present in Medicago truncatula and correlates with regions of active cell growth, suggesting its integral role in plant development.

This study observed that root hair growth in Arabidopsis occurs episodically, with each growth period associated with external alkalization and internal acidification, suggesting a role for proton influx in facilitating polar growth.

In this review, the researchers discussed the role of cell wall components and proteins in root hair growth, emphasizing the complex interplay of subcellular factors, and identified open questions and future research directions in root hair mechanobiology.

This study concluded that the inner root sheath inhibits the expression of certain differentiation markers in hair bulbs, with calcium-induced changes paralleling those seen in hair follicle mid-segments.

This study reports on the biochemical characteristics of S100A3 protein in human hair cuticle, notably finding its N-terminal methionine is acetylated and has a slightly lower isoelectric point compared to the recombinant version.

In a case study of vitamin D-dependent rickets type 2A, researchers observed that while active vitamin D treatment failed to improve bone and laboratory abnormalities, oral calcium lactate significantly ameliorated these issues, although skin and hair problems remained unresponsive.