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This review examines age-related changes in androgen levels in women and explores the rationale for testosterone replacement therapy, but it reports no new clinical findings.

In this study, transgenic male mice over-expressing the androgen receptor in mesenchymal stem cells showed reduced fat mass and improved glucose clearance, suggesting enhanced androgen sensitivity may alter body composition.

This review describes the clinical features of testosterone deficiency syndrome in aging men but reports no new experimental findings, highlighting the need for clinical recognition and treatment of TDS.

This review discusses the changes in androgen levels with age in women and the potential benefits of testosterone replacement therapy as part of hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women, but it reports no new clinical results.

This study found that removing PPARγ specifically from mouse adipose tissue led to severe fat loss, insulin resistance, diabetes, and associated metabolic abnormalities.

This article discusses testosterone production in the human body and its effects on muscle mass, bone density, metabolism, and skin, but reports no new findings.

This article reviews the development of selective androgen receptor modulators and myostatin inhibitors as performance-enhancing drugs, highlighting ongoing challenges in achieving truly tissue-selective anabolic agents and reporting no new experimental findings.

This study discusses how testosterone exerts its effects directly or through conversion to metabolites, DHT and estradiol 17β, each influencing different physiological processes, noting that DHT conversion is necessary for certain effects but not for muscle, bone, or erythropoiesis impacts.

This review examines the diverse roles of SRD5α enzymes across species, focusing on their involvement in steroid synthesis, sexual development, and various physiological processes, but reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses the role of skeletal muscle in synthesizing bioactive androgens, highlighting that intramuscular androgens may influence muscle via intracrine action, but their precise function remains unclear.

This review discusses androgen therapy in adolescents, detailing current practices and noting the limited use of commercially available testosterone or dihydrotestosterone formulations; no new results are reported.

This book reviews current knowledge on testosterone, its functions, underlying mechanisms, and examines ethical and safety issues concerning its clinical and practical applications, without reporting new research findings.

This study reviews the roles of sex steroid hormones, like estrogens, progestins, and testosterone, in influencing reproductive health and overall well-being, highlighting their impact on conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome and hypogonadism through their regulation by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.

This study found that intravenous transplantation of human hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells improved trabecular bone mass in osteoporotic mice by enhancing bone formation and reducing bone resorption.

This study found that red ginseng oil may enhance hair growth and protect skin from UV damage in mouse models by promoting regenerative processes and reducing inflammation.

In this study, transgender adolescents treated with testosterone for a median of 12 months experienced effective virilization, including voice deepening and increased hair growth, but also showed decreased HDL cholesterol and BMD z-scores, and increased hematocrit, with no short-term safety issues reported.

This study found that androgen signaling has complex effects on bone formation in male AR3.6-transgenic mice, with varying impacts based on the embryonic lineage of cells.

In this study of Angora goats, researchers found that HOXC13 and other genes were overexpressed during the active hair growth phase, suggesting a role in mohair structure.

This study found that HOXC13 gene expression was significantly higher during the anagen phase in Angora goats, potentially contributing to the mohair's shiny and silky nature.

This study found that ocu-miR-205 promotes the apoptosis of dermal papilla cells and the transformation of hair follicles from growth to regression and resting phases in Rex rabbits.

This article discusses the potential effects of exogenous testosterone, highlighting that its impact on prostate cancer progression, cardiovascular health, and behavior remains uncertain and needs further investigation.

This review discusses the diagnostic criteria and management strategies for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and highlights the need for comprehensive clinical assessment, but does not report new clinical findings.

This review examines androgen replacement therapy in women for treating androgen deficiency symptoms and reports no new clinical results, while noting potential safety within a specific dose range.

This review discusses the negative health impacts of testosterone deficiency and the potential adverse effects of 5α-reductase inhibitors, emphasizing the need for patient-physician discussions regarding these treatments.

In this study of healthy men, low levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were associated with higher body mass index, fat content, and insulin resistance, but their effects on lipid and glucose metabolism were similar in quality.

This source highlights the essential role of androgens in women's health, noting their impact on various body systems and the critical need for more research on androgen therapies regarding side effects, patient selection, and laboratory standardization.

The TGF-β family helps control how cells change and move, affecting skin, hair, and organ development.

In this study, researchers observed that the skin quality and hair follicle development of Rex rabbits improved when slaughtered in winter compared to summer, with findings suggesting seasonal regulation via multiple signaling pathways affecting fur characteristics.

This review discusses the molecular role of the vitamin D receptor in regulating various biological actions such as bone mineralization and reports no new clinical results, highlighting the complexity of vitamin D's function in multiple tissues.

This review details the expression and diverse functions of melatonin receptors in non-neural tissues and reports no new clinical findings, emphasizing their potential as therapeutic targets across various physiological and pathological processes.