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The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

Different hair and scalp disorders cause hair loss or excess hair growth, with various treatments available depending on the specific condition.

The document reviews various hair and nail disorders, their causes, and treatments, emphasizing the need for proper diagnosis and the link between nail changes and systemic diseases.

Cyclosporine-A can cause excessive hair growth, which usually stops after discontinuing the drug.

Cantú syndrome is caused by mutations in the ABCC9 gene.

Metreleptin treatment significantly improved metabolic health in a boy with congenital generalized lipodystrophy.

The document concludes that Nonclassic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia requires personalized treatment plans to manage symptoms and fertility, with glucocorticoids being a common therapy.

Looking at skin can help find and treat serious diseases early.

People with Mucopolysaccharidoses often have skin problems like thick skin and extra hair, and recognizing these can help diagnose and treat the condition early.

The document concludes that a thorough history, physical exam, and specific tests are crucial for diagnosing and managing hair loss effectively.

Stress, nutritional issues, and chronic diseases can cause hair loss, and nail changes may signal internal diseases; treatment focuses on the underlying cause.

Finasteride significantly increases scalp hair and prevents hair loss in young and middle-aged men.

K_ATP channel gene mutations are linked to heart diseases, but more research is needed to understand the connection and treatment potential.

Recognizing oral symptoms can help diagnose and treat blood and nutritional diseases early.

The conclusion is that hirsutism should be diagnosed and treated because it affects quality of life and may signal other health problems.

Long-term minoxidil use can cause pseudoacromegaly, but stopping it improves symptoms.

Many elderly women experience unwanted facial hair and various hair loss conditions, with treatments available for each condition.

Hirsutism causes significant psychological distress in women.

Thyroid disease can cause hair loss and treating thyroid problems might help with hair disorders.

Visible light can damage skin and most sunscreens don't block it well; more research is needed on its effects and protection methods.

Transplant success has improved with better immunosuppressive drugs and donor matching.

Eating the right nutrients can improve hair health, but taking extra supplements usually doesn't help unless you have a deficiency.

Skin changes can help diagnose and manage endocrine disorders like thyroid problems, diabetes, and adrenal gland conditions.

Janus kinase inhibitors are promising drugs for treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

Certain groups may need vitamin supplements to improve hair health and prevent other health problems.

The document concludes that alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease without a definitive cure, but treatments like corticosteroids are commonly used.

Alopecia Areata has no guaranteed treatment for hair regrowth, but options like corticosteroids and minoxidil are used, with future research focusing on genetic and immune therapies.

Thyroid hormone affects skin health, with too little causing rough, pale skin and too much leading to smooth, thin skin, and may also impact wound healing and skin conditions.

The document concludes that correct diagnosis and management of PCOS are important, and more research is needed on its risks and treatments.

Using steroids can increase the risk of heart problems.