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This retrospective study found that methotrexate had variable efficacy in treating severe alopecia areata in children, with successful hair regrowth observed in five out of thirteen assessable cases.

This study found that local injections of interleukin-4 and neutralizing anti-interferon-γ antibody effectively treated alopecia in a mouse model, suggesting potential therapeutic pathways for human alopecia areata.

This research highlights that psychological stress can adversely affect hair growth in mice, implicating potential pathways that may be relevant in understanding stress-induced hair growth inhibition in humans.

This entry contains no research abstract, so no scientific findings or conclusions are reported.

This review discusses rodent models of alopecia areata and highlights genetic and epigenetic factors influencing its development, but reports no new experimental results.

This case report describes the topical application of cyclosporine in a man with alopecia universalis, which showed hair regrowth after 10 months of daily use, except where limited by a congenital nevus.

In this study, three patients with extensive alopecia areata showed varying degrees of hair regrowth after 20 weeks of treatment with ustekinumab, a cytokine-targeting therapy.

This review discusses the substantial impact of alopecia areata on patients' health-related quality of life, highlighting issues such as personality changes, emotional and social difficulties, and a common occurrence of alexithymia, and emphasizes the need for more specific assessment tools.

This review discusses the causes, associated conditions, and treatment options for alopecia areata, such as corticosteroids and wigs, but reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses various therapeutic agents for alopecia areata, categorized by efficacy and safety, and highlights the lack of curative treatments and long-term outcome studies.

In this phase 2 study, baricitinib at 2 mg and 4 mg doses significantly improved hair regrowth in adults with alopecia areata and ≥50% scalp hair loss compared to placebo, without new safety concerns, although the small sample size limits the results' generalizability.

This study found that oral JAK inhibitors, ruxolitinib and tofacitinib, are effective and well-tolerated for treating severe alopecia areata, with a similar degree of hair regrowth and relapse rates, but ruxolitinib induced faster initial hair regrowth.

This report discusses guidelines for designing alopecia clinical trials that account for variables affecting results, but it presents no new efficacy findings.

This study suggests that an immune response to trichohyalin and keratin 16 may contribute to the pathogenesis of alopecia areata.

This study found that betamethasone valerate foam was more effective and well-tolerated than betamethasone dipropionate lotion in treating mild-to-moderate alopecia areata, with higher hair regrowth rates observed.

This study found that both Th1 and Th2 immune responses, along with IL-23 and IL-32 cytokine pathways, are active in alopecia areata lesions, and corticosteroid injections significantly altered these immune markers.

In this study, oral zinc supplementation for twelve weeks increased serum zinc levels in alopecia areata patients with low zinc, showing positive hair regrowth in 66.7% of participants, though this was not statistically significant.

In this study, complete to excellent hair regrowth was observed in 63.3% of patients with extensive alopecia areata treated with biweekly dexamethasone pulses, although mild side effects were frequent.

In this study, blocking the CXCR3 receptor in mice prevented the development of alopecia areata by inhibiting the accumulation of specific T cells in the skin, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for humans.

This study observed that acute diffuse and total alopecia, a subtype of alopecia areata, typically resolves rapidly and spontaneously within about six months, even without treatment, suggesting a favorable prognosis.

This study found that eosinophils are a useful diagnostic feature for alopecia areata, especially when the typical "swarm of bees" lymphoid infiltrate is absent, helping differentiate it from trichotillomania.

This study found that the oral JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor deuruxolitinib effectively promoted hair regrowth and patient satisfaction in adults with alopecia areata over 24 weeks.

This study suggests that the prevalence of alopecia areata in the US remains similar to high estimates from the 1970s, with significant implications for quality of life.

In this review, the researchers reported that JAK inhibitors, originally approved by the FDA for other uses, have shown effectiveness in reversing hair loss in patients with moderate to severe alopecia areata, based on current preclinical and clinical studies.

This review found that patients with alopecia areata may have lower levels of vitamin D, zinc, and folate, but conflicting evidence precludes definitive clinical recommendations for micronutrient supplementation.

More research is needed to understand alopecia areata severity.

This study found that pulsed infrared diode laser therapy (904 nm) was effective in promoting hair regrowth in 94% of patients with resistant patches of alopecia areata.

This study observed that topical PUVA treatment led to excellent or good hair regrowth in 45.4% of patients with alopecia areata, though many experienced relapse after treatment stopped.

This study found that platelet-rich plasma was more effective for treating alopecia areata than topical 5% minoxidil, leading to earlier hair regrowth and reduction in hair abnormalities.

This study found that patients with alopecia areata had higher levels of Th17 cells and lower levels of regulatory T cells compared to healthy controls, suggesting an immune imbalance in these patients.