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Men and women have different levels and production of brain steroids, which may affect their risk for certain brain disorders.

Transgender youth have more sleep disorders, but gender-affirming therapy may help reduce them.

Researchers identified five new potential targets for leishmaniasis treatment, suggesting repurposing existing drugs could be effective.

Cells with active Wnt signaling are less likely to turn into cancer when exposed to a cancer-causing gene.

There is no gold standard treatment for hidradenitis suppurativa due to insufficient evidence.

Rare ULBP3 gene changes may raise the risk of Alopecia areata, a certain FAS gene deletion could cause a dysfunctional protein in an immune disorder, and having one copy of a specific genetic deletion is okay, but two copies cause sickle cell disease.

Environmental pollutants can damage hair health and cause hair loss.

Genetic analysis of rabbits identified key genes for traits like coat color, body size, and fertility.

Certain genetic variations in the AR and ERβ genes can affect androgen levels in women.

Hair loss in women may have causes other than hormones.

A 31-year-old woman was diagnosed with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome much later than usual, leading to a call for earlier detection and treatment guidelines.

For women with moderate to severe unwanted hair growth or acne, birth control pills are the first choice, with other medications like cyproterone, spironolactone, flutamide, or finasteride as alternatives, and permanent hair removal should be done with electrolysis or laser.

Tamoxifen may cause female hair loss by increasing androgen receptor expression.

Estrogen alone can lower testosterone in some transfeminine people.

Bilateral Orchiectomy effectively reduces the need for anti-androgen medication in most transgender females.

Finasteride reduces hairiness and androgen levels in women with unexplained excessive hair growth.

Estrogen and prolactin may play bigger roles in female hair loss than previously thought.

The document concluded that more research is needed to understand how estrogen affects the enzyme involved in hirsutism development.

Sex and stress steroids quickly change brain cell structures in the hippocampus.

Birth control pills with low-dose estrogen and antiandrogenic progestins can effectively treat acne.

A young woman with kidney failure had hair loss due to a common hormonal disorder, which improved with hormone therapy.

Birth control pills can improve or cause acne and hair issues, with improvements more common, and may affect skin pigmentation.

Oral contraceptives help treat hyperandrogenic disorders, improving symptoms like excessive hair and acne.

Gonadal dysgenesis, like Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes, negatively affects bone health, but hormone treatments can help.

The document concludes that treating PCOS requires a combination of drugs to manage reproductive and metabolic symptoms, with more research needed on combination therapies.

Inflammation and immunity play a key role in androgenetic alopecia, with better treatment outcomes in certain immune-positive cases.

Liquorice may reduce testosterone and affect male reproductive organs, potentially helping treat conditions like prostate cancer.

Balding men had lower bone density, while balding women had higher hip bone density.

Men are more likely to have severe respiratory viral infections like COVID-19 due to hormonal and genetic differences, while women generally have stronger immune responses.

Bolandiol, a synthetic steroid, builds muscle and bone without greatly affecting sex glands, and works differently from other hormones.